Ubuntu
ssh 連接到 ssh 伺服器在 LAN 內工作,但不是從 Internet
我在我的 ubuntu 伺服器上安裝了 openssh 伺服器,它位於 fritzbox 路由器後面。sshd_config 是:
# Package generated configuration file # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 1024 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords #PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. UsePAM yes
所以我完全能夠從我的區域網路內連接到伺服器,但我想從網際網路內的任何地方連接到我的家庭伺服器。所以我使用了一個 dyndns 伺服器,它執行良好。從我可以執行的任何地方:
nc -z blabla.selfhost.co 22 Connection to blabla.selfhost.co port 22 [tcp/ssh] succeeded
現在這裡是 ssh 命令的詳細輸出
ssh -vvv bla@blabla.selfhost.co OpenSSH_7.7p1, LibreSSL 2.7.3 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/BLA/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 48: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to blabla.selfhost.co port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_rsa type 0 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_xmss type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_xmss-cert type -1 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.7 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH_5* compat 0x0c000000 debug3: fd 5 is O_NONBLOCK debug1: Authenticating to blabla.selfhost.co:22 as 'bla' debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/Users/BLA/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /Users/BLA/.ssh/known_hosts:18 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from blabla.selfhost.co debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa debug3: send packet: type 20 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug3: receive packet: type 20 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519 debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: languages ctos: debug2: languages stoc: debug2: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: reserved 0 debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal debug2: KEX algorithms: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: ciphers ctos: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se debug2: ciphers stoc: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se debug2: MACs ctos: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: MACs stoc: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: languages ctos: debug2: languages stoc: debug2: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: reserved 0 debug1: kex: algorithm: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ssh-rsa debug1: kex: server->client cipher: aes128-ctr MAC: umac-64@openssh.com compression: none debug1: kex: client->server cipher: aes128-ctr MAC: umac-64@openssh.com compression: none debug3: send packet: type 34 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(2048<3072<8192) sent debug3: receive packet: type 31 debug1: got SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: bits set: 1569/3072 debug3: send packet: type 32 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug3: receive packet: type 33 debug1: got SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ssh-rsa SHA256:stKU5NgYR5Vs8jsCLIpvdy0cO6Wze5KY0sj0+2ng5WA debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/Users/BLA/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /Users/BLA/.ssh/known_hosts:18 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from blabla.selfhost.co debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/Users/BLA/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /Users/BLA/.ssh/known_hosts:18 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 83.169.40.234 debug1: Host 'blabla.selfhost.co' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/BLA/.ssh/known_hosts:18 debug2: bits set: 1548/3072 debug3: send packet: type 21 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: rekey after 4294967296 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: receive packet: type 21 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: rekey after 4294967296 blocks debug2: key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7f993c0017b0) debug2: key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_dsa (0x0) debug2: key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ecdsa (0x0) debug2: key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ed25519 (0x0) debug2: key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_xmss (0x0) debug3: send packet: type 5 debug3: receive packet: type 6 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug3: send packet: type 50 debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: RSA SHA256:bITNYUVDZe1M0/0G8xHsrNbI+zPWO3A6NLzC6PSq7z8 /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ed25519 debug3: no such identity: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_xmss debug3: no such identity: /Users/BLA/.ssh/id_xmss: No such file or directory debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password bla@blabla.selfhost.co's password: debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password Permission denied, please try again.
/var/log/auth.log 沒有顯示任何嘗試的跡象,我按照指示打開了防火牆。我哪裡錯了?
問題在於 IPv4 必須通過隧道連接到 IPv6。我採用的解決方案是:
- 以每月 1 歐元的價格獲得一個 vServer (IP == vServerIP4)
- 在我的家庭伺服器上將 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 中 ssh 的標準埠更改為 23(IP == homeSeverIP6)
- 在防火牆中打開該埠並將其轉發到我的路由器上。
- 在虛擬伺服器上執行“6tunnel 23 homeSeverIP6 23”
- 通過“ssh -p 23 Kai@vServerIP4”連接到我的 homeServer
感謝@raj 的幫助!