如何在 nginx 和 Ubuntu 18.04 上安裝 Brotli？

我在帶有 Nginx 的 Ubuntu 18.04 上安裝了 Brotli。

這是我遵循的程序：

$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:hda-me/nginx-stable
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install brotli nginx nginx-module-brotli

隨著這個部落格的教程：

https://clearleft.com/posts/a-dive-into-serving-brotli-compressed-assets

ubuntu@www-example-com ~ $ nginx -V 2>&1 | tr ' ' '\n' | grep brotli

--add-dynamic-module=debian/extra/ngx_brotli

這是我測試 Nginx 時的錯誤消息：

ubuntu@www-example-com ~ $ sudo nginx -t

nginx: [emerg] "load_module" directive is not allowed here in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/www-s1biose-com:35
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

我的配置似乎正確。怎麼了 ？

server {
   listen 80 default_server;
   listen [::]:80 default_server;
   server_name example.com www.example.com;

   location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
       default_type "text/plain";
       root /var/www/letsencrypt;
   }

   location / {
       return 301 https://www.example.com$request_uri;
   }
}

server {
   listen 443 ssl http2;
   listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
   server_name www.example.com;
   root /var/www/www-example-com/web;
   index index.php;

   ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;
   ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/privkey.pem;
   include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
   ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;

   add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
   add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
   add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
   add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
   add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src * data: 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'" always;
   add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

   load_module modules/ngx_http_brotli_static_module.so;
   load_module modules/ngx_http_brotli_filter_module.so;

   gzip on;
   gzip_vary on;
   gzip_proxied any;
   gzip_comp_level 6;
   gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/xml+rss application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;

   brotli on;
   brotli_comp_level 6;
   brotli_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/xml+rss application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;

   expires 1209600s;

   location = /favicon.ico {
       log_not_found off;
       access_log off;
   }

   location = /robots.txt {
       allow all;
       log_not_found off;
       access_log off;
   }

   location ~* \.(txt|log)$ {
       deny all;
   }

   location ~ \..*/.*\.php$ {
       return 403;
   }

   location ~ ^/sites/.*/private/ {
       return 403;
   }

   location ~ ^/sites/[^/]+/files/.*\.php$ {
       deny all;
   }

   location ~* ^/.well-known/ {
       allow all;
   }

   location ~ (^|/)\. {
       return 403;
   }

   location / {
       try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
   }

   location @rewrite {
       rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1;
   }

   location ~ /vendor/.*\.php$ {
       deny all;
       return 404;
   }

   location ~ '\.php$|^/update.php' {
       expires off;
       fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(|/.*)$;
       include fastcgi_params;
       fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
       fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
       fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
       fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
       fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
       fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
   }

   location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/styles/ {
       try_files $uri @rewrite;
   }

   location ~ ^(/[a-z\-]+)?/system/files/ {
       try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
   }

   location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {
       try_files $uri @rewrite;
       expires max;
       log_not_found off;
   }
}

server {
   listen 443 ssl http2;
   listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
   server_name example.com;

   ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;
   ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/privkey.pem;
   include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
   ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;

   add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
   add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
   add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
   add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
   add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src * data: 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'" always;
   add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

   location / {
       return 301 https://www.example.com$request_uri;
   }
}

這是已安裝軟體包的列表：

ubuntu@www-example-com ~ $ dpkg -l |grep nginx

ii  libnginx-mod-http-geoip         1.14.0-0ubuntu1.2                                        amd64        GeoIP HTTP module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-http-image-filter  1.14.0-0ubuntu1.2                                        amd64        HTTP image filter module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter   1.14.0-0ubuntu1.2                                        amd64        XSLT Transformation module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-mail               1.14.0-0ubuntu1.2                                        amd64        Mail module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-stream             1.14.0-0ubuntu1.2                                        amd64        Stream module for Nginx
ii  nginx                           1.15.8-1-ppa7~bionic                                     amd64        high performance web server
ii  nginx-common                    1.14.0-0ubuntu1.2                                        all          small, powerful, scalable web/proxy server - common files
ii  nginx-core                      1.14.0-0ubuntu1.2                                        amd64        nginx web/proxy server (standard version)
ii  nginx-module-brotli             1.15.8-1-ppa7~bionic                                     amd64        Brotli Module
ii  python-certbot-nginx            0.28.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+certbot+3                         all          transitional dummy package
ii  python3-certbot-nginx           0.28.0-1+ubuntu18.04.1+certbot+3                         all          Nginx plugin for Certbot

該load_module指令只能出現在 nginx 配置的頂層。它不能在任何塊內。

您現有的發行版提供的 nginx 配置很可能已經在頂層有一些東西，可以從預配置的目錄載入模組。考慮利用這一點。

在您的 NGINX 主 conf 文件（例如/etc/nginx/nginx.conf）上，將load_module指令放在http塊之外，通常位於文件的最頂部，即：

...

load_module modules/ngx_http_brotli_static_module.so;
load_module modules/ngx_http_brotli_filter_module.so;

http {
 ...
}

對於如何正確啟用模組的配置，這裡是從原始碼建構 Brotli並將模組添加到已經執行的 NGINX 伺服器的方法：

https://www.majlovesreg.one/adding-brotli-to-a-built-nginx-instance

引用自：https://serverfault.com/questions/957636