Ubuntu
從 USB 機箱移動到內部時無法安裝 SATA 驅動器
我有 4 個外部驅動器通過 USB 連接到我的 Dell Precision 490 工作站。
它們按 uuid 位於 /etc/fstab 中，並格式化為 UUID。
UUID=04c37bff-b93e-440e-acd0-3d984ddb2ec3 /mnt/drive0 ext4 defaults,nobootwait 0 2 UUID=210765f4-30e5-4863-a40b-aa1fffefe5ca /mnt/drive1 ext4 defaults,nobootwait 0 2 UUID=b981c5e7-249e-4430-9887-96ca674e0733 /mnt/drive2 ext4 defaults,nobootwait 0 2 UUID=22c8a274-3cf9-403f-9558-feb531e407c7 /mnt/drive3 ext4 defaults,nobootwait 0 2我在裡面放了三個驅動器，但只有一個自動安裝（驅動器3，驅動器2仍然在外部連接）
$ mount | grep /dev/sd /dev/sdc1 on /boot type ext2 (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /mnt/drive3 type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdf1 on /mnt/drive2 type ext4 (rw)但他們都出現了：
$ sudo fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes <snip> Disk /dev/sdb: 5001.0 GB, 5000981078016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 608001 cylinders, total 9767541168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xdd494cbf Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdd: 5001.0 GB, 5000981078016 bytes 42 heads, 62 sectors/track, 3750975 cylinders, total 9767541168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xec15dda8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 256 1220942644 610471194+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sde: 5001.0 GB, 5000981078016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 608001 cylinders, total 9767541168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4cd5215a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 63 1220942644 610471291 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes <snip> Disk /dev/sdf: 5001.0 GB, 5000981073920 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 76000 cylinders, total 1220942645 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x6b6805d9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 63 1220942644 588803032 83 Linux $ ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdd /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf /dev/sdf1如果我嘗試正常安裝：
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/temp $ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sde1 /mnt/temp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sde1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so $ dmesg | tail [87143.301150] EXT4-fs (sde1): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem [87295.537835] EXT4-fs (sde1): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem [87315.780147] EXT4-fs (sde1): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem [87315.780290] EXT4-fs (sde1): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem [87315.780421] EXT4-fs (sde1): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem這台機器有 5 個 SATA 埠，我還買了一個 PCIe SATA 控制器並試了一下。沒有不同。在埠之間移動設備仍然沒有區別。其他兩個驅動器始終掛載。
我用 USB 控制器將它們放回各自的外殼中，它們就可以工作了。儘管當我嘗試使用其中一個直接連接安裝的驅動器時，它無法辨識。
謝謝！
編輯：從 gdisk 添加輸出
$ sudo gdisk /dev/sde GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8 Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format! *************************************************************** Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sde: 9767541168 sectors, 4.5 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 00C22148-8C82-4062-BEC5-6759E7E23856 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 9767541134 Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries Total free space is 8546598519 sectors (4.0 TiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 63 1220942644 582.2 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem $ sudo gdisk /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 9767541168 sectors, 4.5 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): E76C335B-FBA1-4FE0-9DC2-C5CADBECA6B0 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 9767541133 Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 34 9767541133 4.5 TiB 8300 disk4有趣的是，看起來不掛載的磁碟使用 MBR 而不是 GPT？
這聽起來像https://superuser.com/questions/679725/how-to-correct-512-byte-sector-mbr-on-a-4096-byte-sector-disk中描述的問題：USB 外殼報告了一個與主機板不同的扇區大小，因此分區表的解釋不同。
我從 USB 機箱移動到內部 SATA 埠的 4TB 磁碟也有類似的問題。顯然 USB 外殼報告了 4k 扇區，因此我能夠使用老式 MBR 分區表來創建 4TB ext4 分區。通過SATA連接磁碟後，再沒有找到ext4分區，顯然是因為現在磁碟訪問了512B扇區。
我使用 Ubuntu 中提供的Testdisk數據恢復工具通過以下步驟解決了這個問題：
- 為安全起見，創建了原始分區表 (
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk-sdb.txt)的備份- 用於
testdisk /dev/sdb查找原始 ext4 文件系統- 讓 testdisk 將新的 MBR 分區表寫入磁碟
- 由於 MBR 表不支持 4TB 分區，所以 ext4 分區仍然無法掛載，報錯
EXT4-fs (sdb1): bad geometry: block count 976751744 exceeds size of device (536870911 blocks)- 用於
gdisk /dev/sdb將 MBR 轉換為 GPT 格式，並將 GPT 寫入磁碟- 再次用於
testdisk /dev/sdb查找原始 ext4 文件系統（它檢測到錯誤的文件系統類型但沒關係），並讓它將新的 GPT 表寫入磁碟- 用於
gdisk /dev/sdb將錯誤檢測到的文件系統類型更改為8300也許我很幸運，但是在這個過程之後，可以像往常一樣掛載 ext4 文件系統。
fsck -f /dev/sdb1沒有檢測到任何錯誤，blkid /dev/sdb1並且tune2fs /dev/sdb1給出了與使用 USB 外殼時相同的結果。