Ubuntu-10.10
在 Ubuntu Maverick 中啟動系統時啟動 Xvfb
當系統在 Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick) 上啟動時，我試圖讓 Xvfb 執行，但它不工作。在 /etc/rc.local 中，我有以下內容：
/root/start_xvfb.sh >> /var/log/start_xvfb.log 2>&1 exit 0在 /root/start_xvfb.sh 我有：
#!/bin/sh -e startx -- `which Xvfb` :0 -screen 0 1024x768x24 & exit 0重啟機器後，日誌文件（/var/log/start_xvfb.log）包含：
[dix] Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic, removing from list! ^M waiting for X server to shut down ^M鑑於日誌文件中的內容，似乎正在呼叫“startx –
which Xvfb:0 -screen 0 1024x768x24”，但此後該程序很快被終止。我想在啟動時啟動 Xvfb，因為我需要在沒有顯示器的遠端伺服器上執行 Firefox。如果我在通過 SSH 連接到遠端機器後執行 /etc/rc.local，Xvfb 啟動沒有問題，我可以通過“firefox –display=:0 &”啟動 Firefox。如果我在沒有先啟動 Xvfb 的情況下嘗試使用該命令執行 Firefox，我會收到消息“錯誤：無法打開顯示：：0”。
請注意，我並不想真正看到本地工作站上的顯示。我希望應用程序顯示在遠端機器的（虛擬的，記憶體中的）顯示器上。
任何想法為什麼 X 伺服器在啟動後立即在遠端機器上關閉？有沒有更好的方法讓 Xvfb 在系統啟動時啟動？
提前感謝您的幫助。
我想shell在它退出時會立即終止它，因為’&’。也許你想使用 start-stop-daemon？例如：
start-stop-daemon --start -b -x /usr/bin/Xvfb :1我想如果你想要 startx 包裝器的幫助，你可能想要執行你的 shellscript。
你可以使用我的初始化腳本。它基於 /etc/init.d/skeleton 並且似乎執行良好：
#! /bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: Xvfb # Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog # Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Start Xvfb. # Description: Start the X virtual framebuffer. ### END INIT INFO # Author: Hannes Brandstaetter-Mueller <hannes.brandstaetter@fh-hagenberg.at> # # Please remove the "Author" lines above and replace them # with your own name if you copy and modify this script. # Do NOT "set -e" # PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin DESC="X virtual framebuffer" NAME="Xvfb" DAEMON=/usr/bin/$NAME DAEMON_ARGS=":1 -screen 0 640x480x24" PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME # Exit if the package is not installed [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 # Read configuration variable file if it is present [ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME # Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables . /lib/init/vars.sh # Define LSB log_* functions. # Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present. . /lib/lsb/init-functions # # Function that starts the daemon/service # do_start() { # Return # 0 if daemon has been started # 1 if daemon was already running # 2 if daemon could not be started start-stop-daemon --start --background --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \ || return 1 start-stop-daemon --start --background --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \ $DAEMON_ARGS \ || return 2 # Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready # to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend # on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time. } # # Function that stops the daemon/service # do_stop() { # Return # 0 if daemon has been stopped # 1 if daemon was already stopped # 2 if daemon could not be stopped # other if a failure occurred start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME RETVAL="$?" [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2 # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript. # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be # needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to # sleep for some time. start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2 # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit. rm -f $PIDFILE return "$RETVAL" } # # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service # do_reload() { # # If the daemon can reload its configuration without # restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP), # then implement that here. # start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME return 0 } case "$1" in start) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" do_start case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; status) status_of_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $? ;; #reload|force-reload) # # If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out # and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'. # #log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME" #do_reload #log_end_msg $? #;; restart|force-reload) # # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the # 'force-reload' alias # log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) do_start case "$?" in 0) log_end_msg 0 ;; 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start esac ;; *) # Failed to stop log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; *) #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2 echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac把它放進去
/etc/init.d/xvfbd然後執行sudo update-rc.d xvfbd defaults現在它應該在啟動時自動執行。