Ssl
雙向 SSL 錯誤 - 400 僅針對客戶端證書的 SSL 證書錯誤
我正在嘗試使用由中間 CA 簽名的 SSL 證書（用於伺服器和客戶端）配置雙向 SSL。這是我按照本教程到目前為止所做的。
伺服器 - nginx 應用程序
Nginx 配置了 SSL 證書（由中間 CA 簽名）。
server { listen 443; server_name app-ca.test.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate /root/ca/intermediate/certs/app-plus-intermediate.pem; ssl_certificate_key /root/ca/intermediate/private/app-ca-interm-ca.test.com.key.pem; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # I have also tried adding the Intermediate CA cert in vain # ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootca_intermediate.crt; ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootca.crt; ssl_verify_client on; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/massl; index index.html index.htm; } }客戶端 - curl 或 OpenSSL s_client
我有一個由其他中間 CA 簽名的客戶端證書，但失敗了
400 The SSL certificate error我還嘗試通過（命令中的
-cert選項openssl）客戶端的中間 CA 和根 CA 以及客戶端證書是徒勞的。$ cat /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem > /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client_plus_intermediate.cert.pem $ cat /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem > /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate_plus_client.cert.pem $ cat /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem /root/ca/certs/ca.cert.pem > /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client_plus_intermediate_plus_ca.cert.pem簡短的錯誤日誌
<html> <head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center> <center>The SSL certificate error</center> <hr><center>nginx/1.13.5</center> </body> </html>長錯誤日誌
為簡潔起見，我縮短了長散列。
$ openssl s_client -connect app-ca.test.com:443 -tls1 -key /root/ca/intermediate/private/client.key.pem -cert /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem -CAfile /root/server_rootca.crt -state -debug CONNECTED(00000003) SSL_connect:before/connect initialization write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c3] (181 bytes => 181 (0xB5)) 0000 - 16 03 01 00 b0 01 00 00-ac 03 01 16 ed fa 81 3e ...............> 0010 - fc 25 c1 55 73 8a ca 5f-d3 56 11 a6 0f 38 6e 3c .%.Us.._.V...8n< 0020 - 52 fb 1f 9b fb 4f 4f 3e-5a fb 82 00 00 64 c0 14 R....OO>Z....d.. 0090 - 00 ff 01 00 00 1f 00 0b-00 04 03 00 01 02 00 0a ................ 00a0 - 00 0a 00 08 00 17 00 19-00 18 00 16 00 23 00 00 .............#.. 00b0 - 00 0f 00 01 01 ..... SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client hello A read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 16 03 01 00 42 ....B read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (66 bytes => 66 (0x42)) 0000 - 02 00 00 3e 03 01 6f e5-89 1d bd 5a 58 26 d7 11 ...>..o....ZX&.. 0010 - 8a 05 fd 2a 04 96 58 2e-2e 19 a7 89 46 a0 5b 21 ...*..X.....F.[! 0020 - c3 90 1c 3e 0b e6 00 c0-14 00 00 16 ff 01 00 01 ...>............ 0030 - 00 00 0b 00 04 03 00 01-02 00 23 00 00 00 0f 00 ..........#..... 0040 - 01 01 .. SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server hello A read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 16 03 01 0c ab ..... read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (3243 bytes => 3243 (0xCAB)) 0000 - 0b 00 0c a7 00 0c a4 00-06 64 30 82 06 60 30 82 .........d0..`0. 0c90 - 5f b6 c7 86 5d 41 b3 fb-9c fe d3 0a 26 01 f9 d9 _...]A......&... 0ca0 - a6 ae 7f ff 4f c7 0b e8-97 b3 1c ....O...... depth=2 C = GB, ST = England, L = Melbourne, O = Alice Ltd, OU = IT Services, CN = server-and-ca.test.com, emailAddress = root@server-and-ca.test.com verify return:1 depth=1 C = GB, ST = England, O = Alice Ltd, OU = Shared Services, CN = server-and-interm-ca.test.com, emailAddress = root@server-and-interm-ca.test.com verify return:1 depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Alice Ltd, OU = Alice Ltd Web Services, CN = app-ca-interm-ca.test.com, emailAddress = root@app-ca-interm-ca.test.com verify return:1 SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate A read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 16 03 01 01 4b ....K read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (331 bytes => 331 (0x14B)) 0000 - 0c 00 01 47 03 00 17 41-04 13 5d 81 04 36 18 e7 ...G...A..]..6.. 0010 - da bf 5e 30 dd d8 ee 77-f9 56 aa 77 8b 9e cd 3e ..^0...w.V.w...>. 0110 - d1 82 65 0f 5d 9c 03 ba-5f 7f 62 33 a8 a6 62 8e ..e.]..._.b3..b. 0120 - f2 5c 03 1d 4d 47 04 16-cb 80 09 39 32 be ca 23 .\..MG.....92..# 0130 - 41 95 36 a6 4b 6b f0 6c-df a5 4b 26 d4 4a c5 f3 A.6.Kk.l..K&.J.. 0140 - 99 0d c8 d8 aa 5d f8 88-86 b3 15 .....]..... SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server key exchange A read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 16 03 01 00 bc ..... read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (188 bytes => 188 (0xBC)) 0000 - 0d 00 00 b4 03 01 02 40-00 ae 00 ac 30 81 a9 31 .......@....0..1 0010 - 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06-13 02 47 42 31 10 30 0e .0...U....GB1.0. 0090 - 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d-01 09 01 16 1b 72 6f 6f ..*.H........roo 00a0 - 74 40 63 6c 69 65 6e 74-2d 61 6e 64 2d 63 61 2e t@client-and-ca. 00b0 - 74 65 73 74 2e 63 6f 6d-0e test.com. 00bc - <SPACES/NULS> SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate request A SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server done A write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (1593 bytes => 1593 (0x639)) 0000 - 16 03 01 06 34 0b 00 06-30 00 06 2d 00 06 2a 30 ....4...0..-..*0 0010 - 82 06 26 30 82 04 0e a0-03 02 01 02 02 02 10 00 ..&0............ 05f0 - 29 2a 6c 40 d1 ed 8f 6d-15 b2 cd 6a 7b 72 30 91 )*l@...m...j{r0. 0600 - ea 29 16 48 f2 11 21 15-3a 50 32 8b 95 87 b8 09 .).H..!.:P2..... 0610 - 11 84 9a a4 d2 b8 46 33-7a a2 79 51 ba 23 8c 96 ......F3z.yQ.#.. 0620 - 45 62 2e b9 f5 ea 23 79-53 e0 cb 72 1f e6 19 d4 Eb....#yS..r.... 0630 - 75 18 a8 2e 44 2f f3 8b-a7 u...D/... SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client certificate A write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (75 bytes => 75 (0x4B)) 0000 - 16 03 01 00 46 10 00 00-42 41 04 b9 b3 02 d2 bc ....F...BA...... 0010 - e2 8b 49 a7 f6 8c 59 66-fc 0e 39 79 c7 23 34 e9 ..I...Yf..9y.#4. 0020 - 3e 04 98 3a 60 78 1d aa-51 06 46 80 09 10 c4 7e >..:`x..Q.F....~ 0030 - a5 e7 05 d1 82 f2 0d bb-9a ca e7 29 01 0b 88 6d ...........)...m 0040 - ed c3 52 73 b1 d4 3a 95-00 e8 ..Rs..:... 004b - <SPACES/NULS> SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client key exchange A write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (267 bytes => 267 (0x10B)) 0000 - 16 03 01 01 06 0f 00 01-02 01 00 5e 29 8e 7c 69 ...........^).|i 0010 - 1e 10 0d 01 39 35 db 18-7e 4a a7 12 ae 12 7e f0 ....95..~J....~. 0020 - d6 93 c5 0a ba 5d e4 f1-a4 ae 8f c4 7d 52 80 16 .....]......}R.. 00f0 - 6f 1f 56 73 bc ab 7f 07-1d f7 b4 ec d7 58 57 cd o.Vs.........XW. 0100 - cd e0 37 b3 58 09 3a 75-93 02 ab ..7.X.:u... SSL_connect:SSLv3 write certificate verify A write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (6 bytes => 6 (0x6)) 0000 - 14 03 01 00 01 01 ...... SSL_connect:SSLv3 write change cipher spec A write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (53 bytes => 53 (0x35)) 0000 - 16 03 01 00 30 24 90 78-08 d3 10 f3 f8 e3 c8 86 ....0$.x........ 0010 - 82 f1 54 d1 38 7b 57 7b-83 a3 49 b9 3b 80 b2 86 ..T.8{W{..I.;... 0020 - 54 74 92 ec 9a a7 e7 28-1a ec 72 4c 64 8e f3 e3 Tt.....(..rLd... 0030 - 08 96 89 2a 03 ...*. SSL_connect:SSLv3 write finished A SSL_connect:SSLv3 flush data read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 16 03 01 06 ea ..... read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (1770 bytes => 1770 (0x6EA)) 0000 - 04 00 06 e6 00 00 01 2c-06 e0 09 8d 58 07 45 c9 .......,....X.E. 0010 - 58 49 42 f4 13 00 47 12-be 22 a2 e3 a0 b6 22 bd XIB...G.."....". 06d0 - a1 11 26 db 43 c8 6e 47-2f 40 65 61 e1 4e ef 0a ..&.C.nG/@ea.N.. 06e0 - 57 e0 28 19 2d 0d c6 7f-ae 2e W.(.-..... SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server session ticket A read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 14 03 01 00 01 ..... read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (1 bytes => 1 (0x1)) 0000 - 01 . read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 16 03 01 00 30 ....0 read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (48 bytes => 48 (0x30)) 0000 - 7d 5f 53 a4 5e 85 67 67-8d 6c d6 6e 93 cd c6 75 }_S.^.gg.l.n...u 0010 - c1 83 17 d9 a8 e3 89 23-86 6b 8a 04 2d 46 7e 95 .......#.k..-F~. 0020 - 15 46 a4 ec 73 f3 3d 78-1b 0e 94 62 79 cf 96 3d .F..s.=x...by..= SSL_connect:SSLv3 read finished A --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Alice Ltd Web Services/CN=app-ca-interm-ca.test.com/emailAddress=root@app-ca-interm-ca.test.com i:/C=GB/ST=England/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Shared Services/CN=server-and-interm-ca.test.com/emailAddress=root@server-and-interm-ca.test.com 1 s:/C=GB/ST=England/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Shared Services/CN=server-and-interm-ca.test.com/emailAddress=root@server-and-interm-ca.test.com i:/C=GB/ST=England/L=Melbourne/O=Alice Ltd/OU=IT Services/CN=server-and-ca.test.com/emailAddress=root@server-and-ca.test.com --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIGYDCCBEigAwIBAgICEAAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwgagxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkdC MRAwDgYDVQQIDAdFbmdsYW5kMRIwEAYDVQQKDAlBbGljZSBMdGQxGDAWBgNVBAsM zBcik+fj+MUtDzhEl6EuW1ILjAvt5u4KBxj6d0yAXzleACOYncYWWzMfQdrFmwKh W2opZQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Alice Ltd Web Services/CN=app-ca-interm-ca.test.com/emailAddress=root@app-ca-interm-ca.test.com issuer=/C=GB/ST=England/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Shared Services/CN=server-and-interm-ca.test.com/emailAddress=root@server-and-interm-ca.test.com --- Acceptable client certificate CA names /C=GB/ST=England/L=Sydney/O=Something/OU=Shared Services/CN=client-and-ca.test.com/emailAddress=root@client-and-ca.test.com Client Certificate Types: RSA sign, DSA sign, ECDSA sign Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits --- SSL handshake has read 5682 bytes and written 2175 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE No ALPN negotiated SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 2AF7BFD60D3EC4686EAAAE1971FBD8999E65C5C80A32182CB9A668B1411DB09C Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: B3F714B4ACB61C6310311025B25AFBAFA9E9AAEBB5ACD5FEEAE5DCAE2690DECBFA4EC5CBD2C8A50F349F43026CD0C564 Key-Arg : None Krb5 Principal: None PSK identity: None PSK identity hint: None TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds) TLS session ticket: 0000 - 09 8d 58 07 45 c9 58 49-42 f4 13 00 47 12 be 22 ..X.E.XIB...G.." 0010 - a2 e3 a0 b6 22 bd 0d 71-c9 46 bd ab 84 85 06 f7 ...."..q.F...... 06b0 - 66 76 1f 3e 49 23 dc 2b-be 9e d5 03 b8 a5 a1 7d fv.>I#.+.......} 06c0 - 4d 56 79 3f 81 78 a1 11-26 db 43 c8 6e 47 2f 40 MVy?.x..&.C.nG/@ 06d0 - 65 61 e1 4e ef 0a 57 e0-28 19 2d 0d c6 7f ae 2e ea.N..W.(.-..... Start Time: 1506251677 Timeout : 7200 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- GET / HTTP/1.0 write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c6] (90 bytes => 90 (0x5A)) 0000 - 17 03 01 00 20 ca 44 95-8c a0 32 52 4d da d8 02 .... .D...2RM... 0010 - db bd 97 88 0e e3 cb b9-9e fb 50 7e 71 24 37 83 ..........P~q$7. 0020 - f8 48 03 a0 a1 17 03 01-00 30 db 99 b2 0c 6c e6 .H.......0....l. 0030 - f4 25 3d 54 2f b1 a3 3c-be 2a 36 94 6c ce 6d 8d .%=T/..<.*6.l.m. 0040 - 3d 54 82 d3 f0 2a 40 3d-fc 3f 1b 3e 4a 40 10 e5 =T...*@=.?.>J@.. 0050 - 1d eb ab 00 69 f1 e0 4a-27 47 ....i..J'G write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c6] (74 bytes => 74 (0x4A)) 0000 - 17 03 01 00 20 95 06 3d-51 d5 7c c2 05 ef a7 d6 .... ..=Q.|..... 0010 - 2b 25 9c dd ec 5f 7c c0-15 83 c6 ca ea 47 a1 b2 +%..._|......G.. 0020 - 82 2d 46 7d 64 17 03 01-00 20 3b 2e 36 63 10 b3 .-F}d.... ;.6c.. 0030 - 50 c7 ec 36 a4 27 a0 4d-db bb 83 b5 c6 e8 d5 fa P..6.'.M........ 0040 - ca 76 dc e7 63 8f 94 b3-24 3f .v..c...$? read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 17 03 01 01 a0 ..... read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (416 bytes => 416 (0x1A0)) 0000 - a6 8b c1 bb a4 aa 12 2e-81 d9 45 41 74 0e 33 a4 ..........EAt.3. 0190 - 37 be 58 ca 01 80 fc 7c-79 2b 3f 54 a4 cd 4a 07 7.X....|y+?T..J. HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request Server: nginx/1.13.5 Date: Sun, 24 Sep 2017 11:14:49 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 231 Connection: close <html> <head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center> <center>The SSL certificate error</center> <hr><center>nginx/1.13.5</center> </body> </html> read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5)) 0000 - 15 03 01 ... 0005 - <SPACES/NULS> read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (32 bytes => 32 (0x20)) 0000 - c3 75 ba 40 21 83 f7 0e-11 98 7b 44 84 bb 23 d5 .u.@!.....{D..#. 0010 - 80 32 1e 3e b6 b7 dd 4a-16 09 31 e9 62 a9 cd a3 .2.>...J..1.b... SSL3 alert read:warning:close notify closed write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c3] (37 bytes => 37 (0x25)) 0000 - 15 03 01 00 20 bd 18 f2-df 1b 84 fc 8e e0 80 a1 .... ........... 0010 - 2f 6f 31 b4 4c fc 1c e5-36 1f c5 fb 5d c0 f8 dc /o1.L...6...]... 0020 - 19 6b 03 c3 2d .k..- SSL3 alert write:warning:close notify有趣的是，如果我使用客戶端的根 CA 或客戶端的中間 CA 的證書，上述命令可以正常工作。
最後，我確定了問題的根本原因。我的設置有兩個問題。
a) 對於雙向 SSL，中間 CA 簽名的證書必須包含
clientAuth在extendedKeyUsage（感謝@dave_thompson_085）中，可以通過以下命令驗證$ openssl x509 -in /path/to/client/cert -noout -purpose | grep 'SSL client :' SSL client : Yesb) 另一個缺失的是nginx 配置文件中的ssl_verify_depth參數，該參數必須是
2或更多。使數字大於我的情況沒有多大意義，但它適用於除（這是預設值）2以外的任何數字。1有趣的是，這在 nginx v1.12.X 中不是必需的（我具有完全相同設置的同事不必指定這一點）。但是，在我使用此參數之前，它對我不起作用（nginx v1.13.5）。經過三天的頭撞後，我可以睡個好覺了。
提示：不要過於依賴
curl解決雙向 SSL 問題，openssl s_client而是嘗試。curl有時會給出誤導性的結果，請參閱此。我也在我的 Ubuntu 16.04 docker 容器中摸索了一段時間。