Ssh
使用 ssh-key SSH 登錄到同一台機器不斷提示輸入密碼
我希望使用者“redmine”無需密碼即可通過 ssh 登錄同一台機器。但是它總是要求輸入密碼。我在 Centos 7 上，密鑰沒有密碼。
redmine 的 home-dir 內容：
drwx------ redmine redmine ~/.ssh -rwx------ redmine redmine ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -rwx------ redmine redmine ~/.ssh/id_rsa -rw------- redmine redmine ~/.ssh/authorized_keys (same content as id_rsa.pub)（我需要它來自動獲取也儲存在同一台機器上的 git 儲存庫。歡迎提出不同方法的建議）
現在我輸入
ssh redmine@134.255.217.111 -vvv（當已經在 shell 中以使用者 redmine 登錄時）結果：
[redmine@/opt/redmine> ssh redmine@134.255.217.111 -vvv OpenSSH_7.4p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 58: Applying options for * debug2: resolving "134.255.217.111" port 22 debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 134.255.217.111 [134.255.217.111] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.4 debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: Authenticating to 134.255.217.111:22 as 'redmine' debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/opt/redmine/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /opt/redmine/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 134.255.217.111 debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 debug3: send packet: type 20 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug3: receive packet: type 20 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,ext-info-c debug2: host key algorithms: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: languages ctos: debug2: languages stoc: debug2: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: reserved 0 debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519 debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,3des-cbc debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,3des-cbc debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: languages ctos: debug2: languages stoc: debug2: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: reserved 0 debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256 debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256 need=64 dh_need=64 debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256 need=64 dh_need=64 debug3: send packet: type 30 debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug3: receive packet: type 31 debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:RagTUBrGcVX310yTRIfOWqDOhqDi4Un/79pnUOlApIY debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/opt/redmine/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /opt/redmine/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 134.255.217.111 debug1: Host '134.255.217.111' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /opt/redmine/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: send packet: type 21 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: receive packet: type 21 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug2: key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_rsa (0x55f227cd00a0) debug2: key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ed25519 ((nil)) debug3: send packet: type 5 debug3: receive packet: type 7 debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512> debug3: receive packet: type 6 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug3: send packet: type 50 debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-keyex debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-keyex debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex debug1: No valid Key exchange context debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: KEYRING:persistent:1001) debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: KEYRING:persistent:1001) debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ed25519 debug3: no such identity: /opt/redmine/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password redmine@134.255.217.111's password:/var/log/secure 的內容
Feb 4 00:22:14 vps-ts su: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user redmine by john(uid=0) Feb 4 00:22:22 vps-ts sshd[20705]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /opt/redmine不推薦的解決方法：sshd_config：
StrictMode no
ssh 日誌會告訴您問題所在：
Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /opt/redmine請注意，它準確地告訴您它關注的是哪個目錄：在這種情況下，它是主目錄本身。
使用者的主目錄不能是組或全域可寫的，並且必須由應該是其主目錄的使用者擁有。
您是否檢查過其他使用者不可寫的使用者主目錄（在您的情況下為 /opt/redmine）？如果它可以被其他使用者寫，你可能想通過使用命令來拒絕他們
chmod og-w /opt/redmine來源：sshd 手冊頁
~/.ssh/authorized_keys (...) If this file, the ~/.ssh directory, **or the user's home directory** are >writable by other users, then the file could be modified or replaced by unauthorized users. In this case, sshd will not allow it to >be used unless the StrictModes option has been set to “no”.