Smtp
Windows Server 2012：無法安裝 SMTP-Server，系統總是需要重新啟動
我無法在 Windows 2012 伺服器上安裝“SMTP-Server”功能。安裝過程總是失敗並顯示“需要重新啟動”消息。重新啟動和（重新）啟動 SMTP 伺服器功能後，系統需要重新啟動。
我嘗試使用安裝嚮導和 PowerShell 安裝該功能。
嘗試使用 PowerShell 安裝該功能時，錯誤如下所示：
PS > Install-WindowsFeature SMTP-Server Install-WindowsFeature : Fehler bei der Anforderung zum Hinzufügen oder Entfernen von Features auf dem angegebenen Server. Der Vorgang kann nicht abgeschlossen werden, da der angegebene Server neu gestartet werden muss. In Zeile:1 Zeichen:1 + Install-WindowsFeature SMTP-Server + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : DeviceError: (@{Vhd=; Credent...Name=localhost}:PSObject) [Install-WindowsFeature], Exce ption + FullyQualifiedErrorId : DISMAPI_Error__Failed_Reboot_Required,Microsoft.Windows.ServerManager.Commands.AddWindow sFeatureCommand Success Restart Needed Exit Code Feature Result ------- -------------- --------- -------------- False No Failed {}從這裡https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Get-PendingReboot-Query-bdb79542使用 Get-PendingReboot 腳本會在嘗試安裝該功能後顯示以下掛起的重新啟動狀態：
CBServicing : True WindowsUpdate : False CCMClientSDK : False PendFileRename : False PendFileRenVal : RebootPending : True重新啟動後和開始安裝 SMTP 伺服器之前，沒有掛起的重新啟動，即腳本顯示 (RebootPending : False)。
在安裝過程不成功後，我什至無法列出 Windows 功能：
PS > Get-WindowsFeature Get-WindowsFeature : Fehler bei der Anforderung zum Auflisten der auf dem angegebenen Server verfügbaren Features. Der Vorgang kann nicht abgeschlossen werden, da der angegebene Server neu gestartet werden muss. In Zeile:1 Zeichen:1 + Get-WindowsFeature + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : DeviceError: (@{Vhd=; Credent...Name=localhost}:PSObject) [Get-WindowsFeature], Deployme ntProviderException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : GetEnumerationState_Failed_Reboot_Required,Microsoft.Windows.ServerManager.Commands.GetW indowsFeatureCommanddism.exe /online /get-features 報告以下內容：
Tool zur Imageverwaltung für die Bereitstellung Version: 6.2.9200.16384 Abbildversion: 6.2.9200.16384 Featureauflistung für das Paket : Microsoft-Windows-ServerCore-Package~31bf3856a d364e35~amd64~~6.2.9200.16384 Featurename : NetFx3ServerFeatures Status : Aktiviert Fehler: 3017 Der angeforderte Vorgang war nicht erfolgreich. Es ist ein Systemneustart erford erlich, um die durchgeführten Änderungen rückgängig zu machen. Die DISM-Protokolldatei befindet sich unter "C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log".以下行記錄在 C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log 中：
2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=4852 TID=5124 Provider has previously been initialized. Returning the existing instance. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_GetProvider 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Processing the top level command token(get-features). - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_ValidateCmdLine 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Attempting to route to appropriate command handler. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Routing the command... - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Feature NetFx3ServerFeatures with CBS state 7(CbsInstallStateInstalled) being mapped to dism state 7(DISM_INSTALL_STATE_INSTALLED) - CDISMPackageFeature::LogInstallStateMapping 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Failed to get the State of the Feature - CDISMPackageFeature::Internal_GetCbsState(hr:0x80070bc9) 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Failed to get the CBS State of the Feature - CDISMPackageFeature::get_State(hr:0x80070bc9) 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Failed to get the feature state. - CCBSFormatter::PrintCbsFeatures_ListFormat(hr:0x80070bc9) 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Failed while processing command get-features. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine(hr:0x80070bc9) 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=4852 TID=5124 Further logs for online package and feature related operations can be found at %WINDIR%\logs\CBS\cbs.log - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Error DISM DISM.EXE: DISM Package Manager processed the command line but failed. HRESULT=80070BC9以下行記錄在 C:\Windows\logs\CBS\cbs.log 中：
2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS TI: --- Initializing Trusted Installer --- 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS TI: Last boot time: 2015-06-28 15:46:57.314 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS TrustedInstaller terminated with pending operations. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Starting TrustedInstaller initialization. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Ending TrustedInstaller initialization. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Starting the TrustedInstaller main loop. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS TrustedInstaller service starts successfully. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Registering for Winlogon CreateSession notifications 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Registering for pre-shutdown notification to complete the pended operation 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Startup processing thread terminated normally 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Starting TiWorker initialization. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Ending TiWorker initialization. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Starting the TiWorker main loop. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS TiWorker starts successfully. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Universal Time is: 2015-06-28 19:35:58.771 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Loaded Servicing Stack v6.2.9200.17280 with Core: C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-servicingstack_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.17280_none_6224eed751126779\cbscore.dll 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CSI 00000001@2015/6/28:19:35:58.771 WcpInitialize (wcp.dll version 0.0.0.6) called (stack @0x7f950ce63c1 @0x7f9570198ba @0x7f956fd4dd4 @0x7f684d3d1df @0x7f684d3d95c @0x7f96b8e1d35) 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Could not load SrClient DLL from path: SrClient.dll. Continuing without system restore points. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CSI 00000002@2015/6/28:19:35:58.771 WcpInitialize (wcp.dll version 0.0.0.6) called (stack @0x7f950ce63c1 @0x7f957076248 @0x7f957037719 @0x7f956fd4f47 @0x7f684d3d1df @0x7f684d3d95c) 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS SQM: Initializing online with Windows opt-in: False 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS SQM: Cleaning up report files older than 10 days. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS SQM: Requesting upload of all unsent reports. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS SQM: Failed to start upload with file pattern: C:\Windows\servicing\sqm\*_std.sqm, flags: 0x2 [HRESULT = 0x80004005 - E_FAIL] 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS SQM: Failed to start standard sample upload. [HRESULT = 0x80004005 - E_FAIL] 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS SQM: Queued 0 file(s) for upload with pattern: C:\Windows\servicing\sqm\*_all.sqm, flags: 0x6 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS SQM: Warning: Failed to upload all unsent reports. [HRESULT = 0x80004005 - E_FAIL] 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Session: 30454233_2827951091 initialized by client DISM Package Manager Provider. 2015-06-28 21:35:58, Info CBS Enumerating Foundation package: Microsoft-Windows-ServerCore-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.2.9200.16384, this could be slow 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CSI 00000003 CSI Store 1037981022800 (0x000000f1ac7d7a50) initialized 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CSI 00000004 Transaction merge required, do-not-merge flag passed. 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CSI 00000005@2015/6/28:19:35:59.604 CSI Transaction @0xf1ac867fb0 initialized for deployment engine {d16d444c-56d8-11d5-882d-0080c847b195} with flags 00000002 and client id [26]"TI5.30454233_2827951091:1/" 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Error CSI 00000006 (F) Current pending rollback transaction content precludes other operations; reboot to complete rollback.[gle=0x80004005] 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CBS Failed to get transaction analysis because of pending operations. Disposition from Analyze: 0x1 [HRESULT = 0x80070bc9 - ERROR_FAIL_REBOOT_REQUIRED] 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CBS Failed to get inventory. [HRESULT = 0x80070bc9 - ERROR_FAIL_REBOOT_REQUIRED] 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CSI 00000007@2015/6/28:19:35:59.916 CSI Transaction @0xf1ac867fb0 destroyed 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CBS Failed to get CSI Inventory [HRESULT = 0x80070bc9 - ERROR_FAIL_REBOOT_REQUIRED] 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CBS Failed to get component state. [HRESULT = 0x80070bc9 - ERROR_FAIL_REBOOT_REQUIRED] 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CBS Failed to get current state of the deployment [HRESULT = 0x80070bc9 - ERROR_FAIL_REBOOT_REQUIRED] 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Info CBS Failed to get Transaction State for package: Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-Server-OC-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.2.9200.16384, update: NetFx3 [HRESULT = 0x80070bc9 - ERROR_FAIL_REBOOT_REQUIRED] 2015-06-28 21:35:59, Error CBS Failed to get store state [HRESULT = 0x80070bc9 - ERROR_FAIL_REBOOT_REQUIRED] 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Trusted Installer successfully registered to be restarted for pre-shutdown 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Trusted Installer is shutting down because: SHUTDOWN_REASON_AUTOSTOP 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Stopping Winlogon CreateSession notifications 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Unloading SysNotify DLL 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS TiWorker signaled for shutdown, going to exit. 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Ending the TiWorker main loop. 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Starting TiWorker finalization. 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Ending the TrustedInstaller main loop. 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Starting TrustedInstaller finalization. 2015-06-28 21:37:59, Info CBS Ending TrustedInstaller finalization. 2015-06-28 21:38:00, Info CBS Ending TiWorker finalization.我不知道是什麼導致 CBServicing 在安裝 SMTP-Server 功能時需要重新啟動，也不知道如何解決問題以便我能夠安裝 SMTP-Server 功能。任何幫助將不勝感激 ：）。
我發現了問題：原因不是 SMTP-Server 功能本身，而是 SMTP-Server 所需的 IIS-ODBCLogging 功能。由於權限問題，此 IIS 相關功能的安裝失敗：安裝程序似乎無法更新儲存在網路共享上的 IIS 配置（用於在網路場中的不同伺服器之間共享它）。
在 C:\Windows\iis.log 我發現：
[06/23/2015 13:28:58] [ ***** IIS 8.0 Component Based Setup ***** ] [06/23/2015 13:28:58] "C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\iissetup.exe" /install Metabase [06/23/2015 13:28:58] < WARNING! > Shared configuration detected. Install/Uninstall of optional component may fail. [06/23/2015 13:28:58] Successfully updated IIS_IUSRS rights. [06/23/2015 13:28:58] Successfully populated IIS_IUSRS. [06/23/2015 13:28:58] Successfully set IISADMIN install state. [06/23/2015 13:28:58] Successfully removed old metabase files. [06/23/2015 13:28:59] Successfully started IISADMIN. [06/23/2015 13:28:59] < !!FAIL!! > MB::SetData result=0x80070005 [06/23/2015 13:28:59] < !!FAIL!! > METABASE_UTIL::InstallIisAdminMetabaseEntries result=0x80070005 [06/23/2015 13:29:05] Successfully stopped IISADMIN. [06/23/2015 13:29:05] < !!FAIL!! > MB::SetData result=0x80070005 [06/23/2015 13:29:05] < WARNING! > METABASE_UTIL::InstallLegacySnapInMetabaseEntries result=0x80070005 [06/23/2015 13:29:05] Successfully started IISADMIN.最後禁用 IIS 共享配置，安裝該功能並再次啟用共享配置就可以了。