Postfix
SASL PLAIN 身份驗證失敗：身份驗證需要另一個步驟
我有一台主機 (rhea)，我安裝了一個後綴來中繼來自我的家庭伺服器 (tronics24) 的電子郵件，該伺服器位於 DSL 連接上。
我已經生成了自簽名證書：（在 rhea 上）
touch smtpd.key chmod 600 smtpd.key openssl genrsa 1024 > smtpd.key openssl req -new -key smtpd.key -x509 -days 3650 -out smtpd.crt openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 sudo mv smtpd.key /etc/ssl/private/ sudo mv smtpd.crt /etc/ssl/certs/ sudo mv cakey.pem /etc/ssl/private/ sudo mv cacert.pem /etc/ssl/certs/我已經測試了證書：
root@rhea:~# openssl s_client -showcerts -cert /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt -key /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key -starttls smtp -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem -connect localhost:25後綴回复的內容（/var/log/mail.log）：
Apr 26 02:44:36 rhea postfix/smtpd[28778]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Apr 26 02:44:36 rhea postfix/smtpd[28778]: setting up TLS connection from localhost[127.0.0.1] Apr 26 02:44:37 rhea postfix/smtpd[28778]: Anonymous TLS connection established from localhost[127.0.0.1]: TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)我已經測試了 SASL 授權：
root@rhea:~# testsaslauthd -u <my-user> -p <my-pass> 0: OK "Success."到這裡一切看起來都很好。現在我嘗試從我的家庭伺服器連接。首先，我生成身份驗證字元串：
printf '<my-user>\0<my-user>\0<my-pass>' | mmencode dummydummy...== myuser@tronics24 ~ » openssl s_client -starttls smtp -host rhea.<my-domain>.net -port 25 ... 250 DSN ehlo localhost 250-<mydomain>.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN 250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN AUTH PLAIN dummydummy 535 5.7.8 Error: authentication failed: another step is needed in authenticationrhea 中的後綴告訴我同樣的事情：
Apr 26 02:17:10 rhea postfix/smtpd[11085]: connect from ip-82-143-145-145.myispdomain.com[82.143.145.145] Apr 26 02:17:10 rhea postfix/smtpd[11085]: setting up TLS connection from ip-82-143-145-145.myispdomain.com[82.143.145.145] Apr 26 02:17:10 rhea postfix/smtpd[11085]: Anonymous TLS connection established from ip-82-143-145-145.myispdomain.com[82.143.145.145]: TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits) Apr 26 02:17:19 rhea postfix/smtpd[11085]: warning: ip-82-143-145-145.myispdomain.com[82.143.145.145]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: another step is needed in authentication Apr 26 02:17:35 rhea postfix/smtpd[11085]: lost connection after AUTH from ip-82-143-145-145.myispdomain.com[82.143.145.145] Apr 26 02:17:35 rhea postfix/smtpd[11085]: disconnect from ip-82-143-145-145.myispdomain.com[82.143.145.145]我對此感到非常困惑，不知道還要尋找什麼。你知道我還應該驗證什麼嗎？
編輯
根據要求，我發布了後綴配置：
# Let's check the postconf configuration root@rhea:~# postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix inet_interfaces = all mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = rhea.<my-domain>.net, localhost.<my-domain>.net, localhost myhostname = rhea.<my-domain>.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 82.143.145.145 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtp_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom的輸出
postconf -a：root@rhea:~# postconf -a cyrus dovecot這是的輸出
saslfinger -s：root@rhea:~# saslfinger -s saslfinger - postfix Cyrus sasl configuration Thu Apr 26 10:34:57 CEST 2012 version: 1.0.4 mode: server-side SMTP AUTH -- basics -- Postfix: 2.5.1 System: Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS (server) Linux rhea.<my-domain>.net 2.6.32.2-xxxx-grs-ipv4-32 #1 SMP Tue Dec 29 14:41:18 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux server : rps ip : 178.52.127.32 hostname : rhea.<my-domain>.net -- smtpd is linked to -- libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2 (0xb7593000) -- active SMTP AUTH and TLS parameters for smtpd -- broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes -- listing of /usr/lib/sasl2 -- total 716 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-06-28 10:21 . drwxr-xr-x 70 root root 36864 2011-06-22 17:30 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13568 2009-06-23 21:14 libanonymous.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 862 2009-06-23 21:14 libanonymous.la -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12984 2009-06-23 21:14 libanonymous.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12984 2009-06-23 21:14 libanonymous.so.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12984 2009-06-23 21:14 libanonymous.so.2.0.22 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15834 2009-06-23 21:14 libcrammd5.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 848 2009-06-23 21:14 libcrammd5.la -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15320 2009-06-23 21:14 libcrammd5.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15320 2009-06-23 21:14 libcrammd5.so.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15320 2009-06-23 21:14 libcrammd5.so.2.0.22 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46332 2009-06-23 21:14 libdigestmd5.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 871 2009-06-23 21:14 libdigestmd5.la -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43020 2009-06-23 21:14 libdigestmd5.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43020 2009-06-23 21:14 libdigestmd5.so.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43020 2009-06-23 21:14 libdigestmd5.so.2.0.22 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13574 2009-06-23 21:14 liblogin.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 842 2009-06-23 21:14 liblogin.la -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13268 2009-06-23 21:14 liblogin.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13268 2009-06-23 21:14 liblogin.so.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13268 2009-06-23 21:14 liblogin.so.2.0.22 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30016 2009-06-23 21:14 libntlm.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 836 2009-06-23 21:14 libntlm.la -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29236 2009-06-23 21:14 libntlm.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29236 2009-06-23 21:14 libntlm.so.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29236 2009-06-23 21:14 libntlm.so.2.0.22 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13798 2009-06-23 21:14 libplain.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 842 2009-06-23 21:14 libplain.la -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13396 2009-06-23 21:14 libplain.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13396 2009-06-23 21:14 libplain.so.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13396 2009-06-23 21:14 libplain.so.2.0.22 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22126 2009-06-23 21:14 libsasldb.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 873 2009-06-23 21:14 libsasldb.la -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18080 2009-06-23 21:14 libsasldb.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18080 2009-06-23 21:14 libsasldb.so.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18080 2009-06-23 21:14 libsasldb.so.2.0.22 -- listing of /etc/postfix/sasl -- total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-07-01 11:19 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2012-04-26 10:10 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 2011-07-01 11:19 smtpd.conf -- content of /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf -- pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: plain login -- content of /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf -- pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: plain login -- active services in /etc/postfix/master.cf -- # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) smtp inet n - - - - smtpd smtps inet n - - - - smtpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} -- mechanisms on localhost -- 250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN 250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN -- end of saslfinger output --
要從客戶端中繼郵件，請使用送出，而不是普通的 SMTP。
您應該將 postfix 配置為拒絕在埠 25 上送出（埠 25 僅用於 MTA <-> MTA 中繼）。
有關詳細資訊，請參閱 master.cf 中的註釋送出範例；客戶端應使用 STARTTLS 和 LOGIN 身份驗證連接到埠 587（送出）。
所有其他郵件在送出時可能會被拒絕，即您設置
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject在送出偵聽器上。
然後用實際的客戶進行測試。