Postfix
postfix/smtpd 錯誤：收件人地址被拒絕：smtp。發送___Grid.淨__s米噸p.s和ndGr一世d.n和噸smtp.sendgrid.net:2525
我想弄清楚我在Google云平台上的郵件伺服器有什麼問題。
問題是沒有一個使用者可以開箱即用地發送郵件，但是儘管他們位於同一伺服器上的不同域中，但他們可以相互發送/接收電子郵件，而且，郵件從盒子外面進入網際網路。
一些背景：我在Google云平台上設置了一個虛擬機，執行 CentoOS7 的盒子，盒子帶有一個專用 IP 和一個內部 IP。“CentOS web panel”被用來管理幾個不同的網站。除了開箱即用的郵件遞送外，與網站相關的所有事情都可以完美執行。
我利用此連結 上提供的教程將 sendgrid 集成到所述實例上。
因為，GPC 不允許 VM 使用埠 25 發送電子郵件，所以我訂閱了 GCP 上的電子郵件提供商之一 sendgrid，我得到了它的 SMTP URL，該 URL 可以使用除 VM 的阻塞埠之外的任何埠
目前以下是我的後綴 main.cf 的內容
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the Postfix master(5) manual page. # # ***** Unused items removed ***** # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - n - - smtpd 587 inet n - - - - smtpd 2525 inet n - - - - smtpd # -o content_filter=smtp-amavis:127.0.0.1:10024 # -o receive_override_options=no_address_mappings # ## Enable SMTP on port 587 only for authenticated/TLS clients submission inet n - n - - smtpd -o smtpd_enforce_tls=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # ## Enable SMTP on port 465 only for authenticated/SSL clients smtps inet n - n - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # pickup fifo n - n 60 1 pickup -o content_filter= -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce defer unix - - n - 0 bounce trace unix - - n - 0 bounce verify unix - - n - 1 verify flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap smtp unix - - n - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - n - - smtp -o fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - n - - showq error unix - - n - - error discard unix - - n - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil scache unix - - n - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # ==================================================================== maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=foo argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient # # spam/virus section # smtp-amavis unix - - y - 2 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o disable_dns_lookups=yes -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes 127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - y - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8 -o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0 -o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001 -o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001 -o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000 -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks -o smtpd_helo_required=no -o smtpd_client_restrictions= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o disable_vrfy_command=no -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes # # Dovecot LDA dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:mail argv=/usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} # # SPF check spfpolicy unix - n n - - spawn user=nobody argv=/usr/bin/python /usr/libexec/postfix/policyd-spf以下是我的 main.cf 如下
# uncomment for debugging if needed #soft_bounce=yes # postfix main mail_owner = postfix setgid_group = postdrop delay_warning_time = 4 # postfix paths html_directory = no command_directory = /usr/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man # network settings inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mydomain = domain.com myhostname = srv1.domain.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128 30.0.0.0/32 mydestination = $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost relay_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-relay_domains_maps.cf # mail delivery recipient_delimiter = + # mappings alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport #local_recipient_maps = # virtual setup virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_alias_default_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysq$ virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-vi$ virtual_minimum_uid = 101 virtual_uid_maps = static:101 virtual_gid_maps = static:12 virtual_transport = dovecot dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 # debugging debug_peer_level = 3 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 # authentication smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $mydomain, srv1.domain.com broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_recipient_restrictions =permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain # tls config smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:$data_directory/smtp_tls_session_cache # Change mail.example.com.* to your host name smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/hostname.key smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/hostname.bundle # rules restrictions smtpd_helo_restrictions = smtpd_sender_restrictions = # uncomment for realtime black list checks # ,reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org # ,reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net # ,reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net smtpd_helo_required = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 disable_vrfy_command = yes smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # Other options message_size_limit = 204800000 mailbox_size_limit = 2048000000 # Vacation Scripts vacation_destination_recipient_limit = 1 recipient_bcc_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_vacation.cf # smtpd_milters setting milter_mail_macros = i {mail_addr} {client_addr} {client_name} {auth_authen} {auth_type} smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891 non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 6 # specify SMTP relay host default_transport = error relay_transport = error relayhost = [smtp.sendgrid.net]:2525 smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd header_size_limit = 4096000 smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = login smtpd_banner = $myhostname內容
>postconf -n如下：alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 3 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $proces s_id & sleep 5 default_transport = error delay_warning_time = 4 disable_vrfy_command = yes dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 header_size_limit = 4096000 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 2048000000 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man message_size_limit = 204800000 milter_default_action = accept milter_mail_macros = i {mail_addr} {client_addr} {client_name} {auth_authen} {auth_type} milter_protocol = 6 mydestination = $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost mydomain = domain.com myhostname = srv1.domain.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128 30.0.0.0/32 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix recipient_bcc_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_vacation.cf recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-relay_domains_maps.cf relay_transport = error relayhost = [smtp.sendgrid.net]:2525 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = login smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:$data_directory/smtp_tls_session_cache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $mydomain, srv1.domain.com smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/hostname.bundle smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/hostname.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 vacation_destination_recipient_limit = 1 virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_alias_default_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_alias_maps.cf, regexp:/etc/postfix/virtual_regexp virtual_gid_maps = static:12 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_alias_pipe_maps.cf virtual_minimum_uid = 101 virtual_transport = dovecot virtual_uid_maps = static:101每當我嘗試從伺服器外部將郵件從圓形立方體發送到 gmail/yahoo 其他時，我在圓形立方體界面中收到以下錯誤，
SMTP Error (550): Failed to add recipient "user@gmail.com" (5.1.1 <user@gmail.com>: Recipient address rejected: [smtp.sendgrid.net]:2525).在郵件日誌中，
tail -f /var/log/maillog我收到了這部分錯誤：
host postfix/smtpd[31362]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 550 5.1.1 <user@gmail.com>: Recipient address rejected: [smtp.sendgrid.net]:2525; from=<info@domain.com> to=<user@gmail.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<localhost>
您無法在外部發送電子郵件，因為 Google Cloud 在您的情況下使用了第三方中繼 SendGrid。所有的配置都很完美。即使您設置了第三方傳輸，您的 PostFix 仍然使用預設傳輸。這就是為什麼您應該忽略它 Default_Transport 錯誤，以便讓您後綴繼續前進以查看您的第三方中繼。
在您的 main.conf 中通過在兩行的開頭添加“#”井號來註釋掉這些行。
“#default_transport = 錯誤”
“#relay_transport = 錯誤”
然後重啟postfix。
sudo 服務後綴重啟
你很高興。