Postfix
Postfix 無法發送到任何外部域
我有一個問題:(當我們嘗試通過 SMTP 和 Postfix + Courier + Webmin 向外部發送郵件時，在日誌中我收到一個錯誤：
Sep 18 10:57:34 MyDomain postfix/error[26300]: 275FF1EEC9B: to=<user@Other.example.com>, orig_to=<postmaster>, relay=none, delay=0.01, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable)但是當電子郵件發送到內部帳戶時沒有問題。
我的 main.cf 是：
#See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = no smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = domain.net alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = domain.net, localhost, localhost.localdomain mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/restricted_senders permit_sasl_authenticated permit_inet_interfaces reject_unauth_destination smtp_use_tls = no smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom home_mailbox = Maildir/ smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.wirehub.net, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, permit content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 receive_override_options = no_address_mappings html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_alias_domains = virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 smtpd_tls_security_level = may transport_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf #relay_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relaydomains.cf virtual_create_maildirsize = yes virtual_maildir_extended = yes virtual_mailbox_limit_inbox = yes virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes virtual_maildir_limit_message = "The user you are trying to reach is over quota." virtual_overquota_bounce = yes proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps #smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender.cf # smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1 maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1 virtual_transport = maildrop header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks nested_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks ## local ### disable_vrfy_command = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_inet_interfaces /在“SMTP 身份驗證和加密”部分的 Webmin 中，當我們嘗試取消選中“拒絕發送到其他域的電子郵件”選項時，我們得到另一個失敗，並且在日誌中：
致命：參數“smtpd_recipient_restrictions”：指定至少一個工作實例：check_relay_domains reject_unauth_destination reject defer defer_if_permit
因此，我們嘗試在 smtpd_recipient_restrictions 中添加這些參數之一（check_relay_domains reject_unauth_destination reject defer defer_if_permit），但仍未解決。
使用者可以發送電子郵件，但伺服器不能發送（都在隊列中）。
這是我的master.cf：
# # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd 1025 inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticat$ smtps inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o mi$ 628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup -o content_filter= -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -w90 -d vmail ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender} flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -w90 -d ${recipient} ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender} # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} amavis unix - - n - 2 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o disable_dns_lookups=yes -o max_use=20 127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o smtpd_delay_reject=no -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining -o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions= -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8 -o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0 -o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001 -o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000 -o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0 -o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0 -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks -o local_header_rewrite_clients=你能幫我麼？。提前致謝！！！
我不知道您的實際配置是否錯字，但您可能需要將此行拆分為
master.cfsmtp unix - - - - - smtp When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops進入
smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops