Postfix
通過虛擬別名和別名被 spamassassin 退回的使用者未知的郵件
我在 /etc/postfix/virtual 中有以下條目：
v2@mydomain.org tibor@mydomain.org, tracking@works-organiser.com tracking@works-organiser.com tracking.tracking@localhost/etc/aliases 中的以下條目，將電子郵件轉發到命令：
tracking.tracking: |"/usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh"如果從電子郵件伺服器本地發送到 v2@mydomain.org的郵件（通過 dovecot 服務發送），則此配置完美執行，****但如果從遠端伺服器發送（通過 spamassassin 服務發送）則不能。在第二種情況下，郵件被退回（使用者未知）。**看來，spamassassin 不知道 /etc/aliases。**我該如何解決？
通過郵件伺服器從遠端伺服器發送的消息的日誌，spamassassin 正在執行：
Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/smtpd[29296]: B7905A7318: client=zg-2.mydomain.org[94.231.88.101] Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/cleanup[29301]: B7905A7318: message-id=<20190918074001.CFB7B40CDF@v2.zg-2.mydomain.org> Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: B7905A7318: from=<v2@mydomain.org>, size=1427, nrcpt=3 (queue active) Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/pipe[29477]: B7905A7318: to=<tibor.nagy@mydomain.org>, orig_to=<v2@mydomain.org>, relay=spamassassin, delay=0.2, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0.18, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via spamassassin service) Sep 18 09:39:22 zg-3 postfix/pipe[29479]: B7905A7318: to=<tracking.tracking@localhost>, orig_to=<v2@mydomain.org>, relay=spamassassin, delay=0.43, delays=0.01/0.02/0/0.4, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (user unknown) Sep 18 09:39:22 zg-3 postfix/bounce[29486]: B7905A7318: sender non-delivery notification: 2BBCAA731F Sep 18 09:39:22 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: B7905A7318: removed從郵件伺服器本地發送的消息日誌 spamassassin 未執行：
Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/pickup[29998]: 07DADA7318: uid=0 from=<root@zg-3.mydomain.org> Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/cleanup[30146]: 07DADA7318: message-id=<20190918075346.07DADA7318@zg-3.mydomain.org> Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: 07DADA7318: from=<root@zg-3.mydomain.org>, size=399, nrcpt=3 (queue active) Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/pipe[30466]: 07DADA7318: to=<tibor.nagy@mydomain.org>, orig_to=<v2@mydomain.org>, relay=dovecot, delay=0.05, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via dovecot service) Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/local[30147]: 07DADA7318: to=<tracking.tracking@localhost>, orig_to=<v2@mydomain.org>, relay=local, delay=0.45, delays=0.01/0/0/0.43, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to command: /usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh) Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: 07DADA7318: removed我的 main.cf：
# Puppet module: postfix_server_primary, template: main.cf.erb smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no myhostname = zg-3.mydomain.org alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = mydomain.org mydestination = zg-3.mydomain.org, localhost.mydomain.org, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 94.231.88.102 172.16.0.0/16 80.254.175.85 # 50 MB message_size_limit = 52428800 ### TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache ### Dovecot SMTP authentication smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes # With Postfix version before 2.10, use smtpd_recipient_restrictions #smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination # Milter configuration # OpenDKIM milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 6 smtpd_milters = local:/opendkim/opendkim.sock non_smtpd_milters = local:/opendkim/opendkim.sock ### Virtual aliases to push emails into V2 systems: # 1. virtual alias to <system_name>.email_address@localhost # 2. alias <system_name>.email_address@localhost |"/usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh..." # See http://www.postfix.org/VIRTUAL_README.html#virtual_alias for virtual aliases virtual_alias_domains = works-organiser.com # can be used more than one e.g. for different domains virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual mailbox_size_limit = 0 virtual_mailbox_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all ### Configuration for virtual mailboxes home_mailbox = Maildir/ virtual_mailbox_domains = /etc/postfix/vhosts virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmaps virtual_minimum_uid = 1000 virtual_uid_maps = static:1002 virtual_gid_maps = static:1002 virtual_transport = dovecot spamassassin_destination_recipient_limit = 1 dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1我的主人.cf：
# Puppet module: postfix_server_primary, template: master.cf.erb # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd -o content_filter=spamassassin #smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/submission # SSL/TLS -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # STARTTLS # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING smtps inet n - - - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps # SSL/TLS -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # STARTTLS # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp relay unix - - - - - smtp # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe flags=DROhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop} dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
問題是，dovecot（不是 spamassassin）作為本地傳遞代理 (LDA) 不知道 /etc/aliases。所以我決定將我自己的 LDA 實現為一個簡單的 shell 腳本：
#!/bin/bash # This script started by spamassassin (spamc) as defined in /etc/postfix/master.cf: # spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DROhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/local/mail/script/lda.sh ${sender} ${user}@${nexthop} # # So the first argument is the "from address", the 2nd is the "to address". # If the "to address" is in format address@localhost and address is a line in /etc/aliases, and # aliased to /usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh, than do the forwarding here # otherwise forward to /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver or to /usr/bin/sendmail # depending on local or remote delivery # # This workaround is necessary because dovecot has no idea about /etc/aliases shopt -s extglob if [[ "$2" =~ "@localhost" ]]; then # Get address without "@localhost" ADDRESS=${2%%*(@localhost)} # Look for that line in /etc/aliases LINE=`grep "^$ADDRESS: |\"/usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh" /etc/aliases` if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then # Line found, extract and run the command CMD=${LINE//$ADDRESS: |\"/} CMD=${CMD//\"/} # Log the command execution echo v2_lda.sh: $CMD exec $CMD fi fi # Local or remote delivery if [[ "$2" =~ "@mydomain.org" ]] || [[ "$2" =~ "@mymail.com" ]] || [[ "$2" =~ "@localhost" ]] then # DO FURTHER PROCESSING OF /etc/aliases HERE IF YOU HAVE MORE # ENTRIES IN IT # Log the command execution echo v2_lda.sh: /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f $1 -d $2 /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f $1 -d $2 exit $? else # Log the command execution echo v2_lda.sh: /usr/sbin/sendmail -f $1 $2 /usr/sbin/sendmail -f $1 $2 exit $? fi該腳本位於 /usr/local/mail/script/lda.sh 中。所以我改變了 master.cf 中的 spamassassin 行：
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe flags=DROhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/local/mail/script/lda.sh ${sender} ${user}@${nexthop}