Postfix
CentOs/Dovecot/Postfix 沒有收到來自外部的電子郵件
我正在嘗試設置我的郵件伺服器，但我在使用 Postfix 時遇到了一些問題。特別是我無法接收來自外部的電子郵件。
這是我的 /etc/postfix/main.cf 的內容
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES myhostname = mail.paolo9785.com mydomain = paolo9785.com relay_host = paolo9785.com myorigin = paolo9785.com home_mailbox = mail/ mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all inet_interfaces = localhost mydestination = mail.paolo9785.com, localhost.paolo9785.com, localhost, paolo9785.com smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination smtp_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.key smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.crt smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom message_size_limit = 30720000 virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_create_maildirsize = yes virtual_maildir_extended = yes proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps virtual_transport = dovecot dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service, check_policy_service = unix:private/policy policy_time_limit = 3600 #DKIM config smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891, inet:127.0.0.1:8893 non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 2這是我的master.cf
cat /etc/postfix/master.cf # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - n - - smtpd submission inet n - n - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/submission -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING smtps inet n - n - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy #submission inet n - n - - smtpd # -o syslog_name=postfix/submission # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions # -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions # -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions # -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - n - - smtpd # -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions # -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions # -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions # -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - n - - qmqpd pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce defer unix - - n - 0 bounce trace unix - - n - 0 bounce verify unix - - n - 1 verify flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - n - - smtp relay unix - - n - - smtp # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - n - - showq error unix - - n - - error retry unix - - n - - error discard unix - - n - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil scache unix - - n - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #maildrop unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # #uucp unix - n n - - pipe # flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # ==================================================================== # # Other external delivery methods. # #ifmail unix - n n - - pipe # flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) # #bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe # flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient # #scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe # flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store # ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} # #mailman unix - n n - - pipe # flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py # ${nexthop} ${user} dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient} policy unix - n n - 0 spawn user=nobody argv=/bin/python /usr/libexec/postfix/policyd-spf目前有一個使用者集（info@…）。
systemctl status postfix -l ● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-07-24 21:53:04 CEST; 15min ago Process: 6591 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/postfix stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 6650 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 6644 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 6632 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 6972 (master) CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service ├─ 1751 tlsmgr -l -t unix -u ├─ 6972 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w ├─ 6981 pickup -l -t unix -u ├─ 6982 qmgr -l -t unix -u ├─20770 smtpd -n smtp -t inet -u -o stress= -s 2 ├─20776 proxymap -t unix -u ├─20804 anvil -l -t unix -u ├─21475 trivial-rewrite -n rewrite -t unix -u ├─21750 cleanup -z -t unix -u └─21778 local -t unix Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/trivial-rewrite[21475]: warning: do not list domain paolo9785.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/smtpd[20770]: warning: restriction check_policy_service must be followed by transport:server Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/smtpd[20770]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-ua0-f181.google.com[209.85.217.181]: 451 4.3.5 Server configuration error; from=<XXXXXXXX@gmail.com> to=<root@paolo9785.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<mail-ua0-f181.google.com> Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/cleanup[21750]: 9C4A85EE6A: message-id=<20170724200723.9C4A85EE6A@mail.paolo9785.com> Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/qmgr[6982]: 9C4A85EE6A: from=<double-bounce@mail.paolo9785.com>, size=1382, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/smtpd[20770]: disconnect from mail-ua0-f181.google.com[209.85.217.181] Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/trivial-rewrite[21475]: warning: do not list domain paolo9785.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/trivial-rewrite[21475]: warning: do not list domain paolo9785.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/local[21778]: 9C4A85EE6A: to=<root@paolo9785.com>, orig_to=<postmaster>, relay=local, delay=0.01, delays=0.01/0/0/0, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/qmgr[6982]: 9C4A85EE6A: removed systemctl status dovecot -l ● dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-07-24 20:49:26 CEST; 1h 28min ago Main PID: 24904 (dovecot) CGroup: /system.slice/dovecot.service ├─ 2108 dovecot/imap-login ├─ 2500 dovecot/imap ├─24904 /usr/sbin/dovecot -F ├─24927 dovecot/anvil ├─24928 dovecot/log ├─24932 dovecot/config ├─29697 dovecot/auth ├─30635 dovecot/imap-login └─32508 dovecot/imap Jul 24 21:58:03 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3-login: Login: user=<info@paolo9785.com>, method=PLAIN, rip=5.102.9.124, lip=164.132.225.73, mpid=9533, TLS, session=<adD1oRVVZAAFZgl8> Jul 24 21:58:04 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3(info@paolo9785.com): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/1, size=737 Jul 24 22:08:34 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3-login: Login: user=<info@paolo9785.com>, method=PLAIN, rip=5.102.9.124, lip=164.132.225.73, mpid=18393, TLS, session=<PfCKxxVVnAAFZgl8> Jul 24 22:08:35 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3(info@paolo9785.com): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/1, size=737 Jul 24 22:15:02 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3-login: Login: user=<info@paolo9785.com>, method=PLAIN, rip=5.102.9.124, lip=164.132.225.73, mpid=22021, TLS, session=<txmt3hVVqwAFZgl8> Jul 24 22:15:03 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3(info@paolo9785.com): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/1, size=737 Warning: Journal has been rotated since unit was started. Log output is incomplete or unavailable.所有埠都在防火牆上打開：
firewall-cmd --list-all public (active) target: default icmp-block-inversion: no interfaces: eth0 sources: services: dhcpv6-client http https imaps pop3s smtp ssh ports: 110/tcp 465/tcp 587/tcp 25/tcp 143/tcp 3306/tcp 9000/tcp 993/tcp protocols: masquerade: no forward-ports: sourceports: icmp-blocks: rich rules:其他配置文件的內容包括：
cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf user = mail_admin password = ****************** dbname = mail query = SELECT destination FROM forwardings WHERE source='%s' hosts = 127.0.0.1 cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf user = mail_admin password = ********** dbname = mail query = SELECT email FROM users WHERE email='%s' hosts = 127.0.0.1 cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf user = mail_admin password = ********** dbname = mail query = SELECT domain AS virtual FROM domains WHERE domain='%s' hosts = 127.0.0.1 cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf user = mail_admin password = **************** dbname = mail query = SELECT CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',-1),'/',SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',1),'/') FROM users WHERE email='%s' hosts = 127.0.0.1有什麼建議嗎？MX 記錄似乎是正確的，在日誌中我也可以看到我的電子郵件已到達伺服器但未成功處理。正如您在日誌中看到的那樣，我正在嘗試從我的 gmail 發送電子郵件。
提前感謝您的寶貴幫助:-)
我在配置中看到至少一個錯誤：
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service, check_policy_service = unix:private/policycheck_policy_service 參數應立即跟隨它，而不是指定為單獨的選項：
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service unix:private/policy將它們全部放在一行上，並且在
check_policy_serviceand之間沒有’=’unix:private/policy