Partition
在 Linux 中擴展 VMware 磁碟上的分區
我在嘗試擴展磁碟時遇到了一些問題。我在 ESXi 主機上使用 VMware Debian 9 虛擬機。
將虛擬磁碟大小擴展 32 GB 並重新啟動 VM 後，我看到：
bob@apollo:~$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sdb 8:16 0 64G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 16G 0 part /var/lib/jenkins └─sdb2 8:18 0 16G 0 part /var/www bob@apollo:~$ mount | grep sdb /dev/sdb2 on /var/www type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered) /dev/sdb1 on /var/lib/jenkins type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered) bob@apollo:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. GPT PMBR size mismatch (67108863 != 134217727) will be corrected by w(rite). GPT PMBR size mismatch (67108863 != 134217727) will be corrected by w(rite). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 64 GiB, 68719476736 bytes, 134217728 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 513133B6-1030-427A-8950-E43374665229 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sdb1 2048 33554431 33552384 16G Linux filesystem /dev/sdb2 33554432 67106815 33552384 16G Linux filesystem我從潛伏在這個網站上學到的技術是使用 fdisk 刪除分區並創建一個新的更大的分區。我希望必要的寫入也能解決我在 fdisk 中看到的 GPT PMBR 大小不匹配問題。
bob@apollo:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. GPT PMBR size mismatch (67108863 != 134217727) will be corrected by w(rite). GPT PMBR size mismatch (67108863 != 134217727) will be corrected by w(rite). Command (m for help): d Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 Partition 2 has been deleted. Command (m for help): n Partition number (2-128, default 2): 2 First sector (33554432-67108830, default 33554432): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (33554432-67108830, default 67108830): 134217728 Value out of range. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (33554432-67108830, default 67108830): Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 16 GiB. Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature. Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n Command (m for help): w GPT PMBR size mismatch (67108863 != 134217727) will be corrected by w(rite). fdisk: failed to write disklabel: Invalid argument bob@apollo:~$所以這裡發生了很多事情
- /dev/sdb 現在有 134,217,728 個扇區。但“有效範圍”僅上升到舊的 67,108,830。
- 當我使用原始大小“重新創建”分區 2 並嘗試寫入更改時，fdisk 因“無效參數”而崩潰。
如何擴展音量
fdisk不擅長使用 GPT 表。首先使用以下命令修復 GPT 表parted：bob@apollo:~$ sudo parted -l Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sdb appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 67108864 blocks) or continue with the current setting? Fix/Ignore? F Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 68.7GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 17.2GB 17.2GB ext4 primary 2 17.2GB 34.4GB 17.2GB ext4 primary其次，停止訪問這些磁碟的所有服務並解除安裝磁碟：
bob@apollo:~$ sudo systemctl stop jenkins.service bob@apollo:~$ sudo systemctl stop apache2.service bob@apollo:~$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1 bob@apollo:~$ sudo umount /dev/sdb2第三，像您最初打算的那樣擴展分區：
bob@apollo:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 64 GiB, 68719476736 bytes, 134217728 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 513133B6-1030-427A-8950-E43374665229 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sdb1 2048 33554431 33552384 16G Linux filesystem /dev/sdb2 33554432 134217694 100663263 48G Linux filesystem Command (m for help): d Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 Partition 2 has been deleted. Command (m for help): n Partition number (2-128, default 2): 2 First sector (33554432-134217694, default 33554432): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (33554432-134217694, default 134217694): Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 48 GiB. Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature. Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.令人驚訝的是，您不需要從 重新掛載任何東西
/dev/sdb，它是在寫入 /dev/sdb 之後完成的。如果您查看掛載點，數據應該仍然存在。再次啟動您的服務，讓一切正常工作。