Nginx
無法讓 Nginx 提供正確的證書鏈
我正在嘗試使用 StartSSL 證書設置 Nginx (1.4.6-1ubuntu3.1)。我一直在關注文件以使其正常工作，但 Nginx 僅提供伺服器證書，而不提供中間證書。
我的伺服器配置：
server { server_name lanzz.org www.lanzz.org; root /var/www/lanzz.org/public; index index.html; include listen.conf; ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/lanzz.org.chained.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/lanzz.org.key; }我的證書包（
/etc/ssl/nginx/lanzz.org.chained.pem）：-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIGMzCCBRugAwIBAgIDE5WyMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIGMMQswCQYDVQQGEwJJ TDEWMBQGA1UEChMNU3RhcnRDb20gTHRkLjErMCkGA1UECxMiU2VjdXJlIERpZ2l0 YWwgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgU2lnbmluZzE4MDYGA1UEAxMvU3RhcnRDb20gQ2xhc3Mg MSBQcmltYXJ5IEludGVybWVkaWF0ZSBTZXJ2ZXIgQ0EwHhcNMTQxMDE0MTMzNjI1 WhcNMTUxMDE1MTUzODI3WjBKMQswCQYDVQQGEwJHQjEWMBQGA1UEAxMNd3d3Lmxh bnp6Lm9yZzEjMCEGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYUcG9zdG1hc3RlckBsYW56ei5vcmcwggEi MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCs8AMEaHFRZ4S3gGYhDJg05vj3 EadGIi29EJf5iW1YwKduuA62Zv9D2JGh2FCBJDBTswefxFbs2v/HHdP70gr0l669 Vz47RUJgn6xH13xEnVv5btQfPtioLQJNwLnBDR3ycw+9I/CGq+/BmStXBT2fTlDp 7FlDaemkc/mjd4TM6DBL0mfsAfqcSA4GHgQraJSwMyRGn3lon02mOWsDso6nTMEt QYmCvYoM7wVtiBxKGP9Q6Nz3s5Ouc1U7mxKxuLNIO5ZeT+zocW7HQXk1sGal/Hxi Y+Us/SsmcDAvqvI9f44Xe4StMfPDBphEDrOvJt9/zuDu8SNMnEA1cqZHGQFVAgMB AAGjggLdMIIC2TAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMAsGA1UdDwQEAwIDqDATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggr BgEFBQcDATAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUiw5c8ahxug4Ltshgeob3+CjaFSAwHwYDVR0jBBgw FoAU60I00Jiwq5/0G2sI98xkLu8OLEUwIwYDVR0RBBwwGoINd3d3Lmxhbnp6Lm9y Z4IJbGFuenoub3JnMIIBVgYDVR0gBIIBTTCCAUkwCAYGZ4EMAQIBMIIBOwYLKwYB BAGBtTcBAgMwggEqMC4GCCsGAQUFBwIBFiJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnN0YXJ0c3NsLmNv bS9wb2xpY3kucGRmMIH3BggrBgEFBQcCAjCB6jAnFiBTdGFydENvbSBDZXJ0aWZp Y2F0aW9uIEF1dGhvcml0eTADAgEBGoG+VGhpcyBjZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSB3YXMgaXNz dWVkIGFjY29yZGluZyB0byB0aGUgQ2xhc3MgMSBWYWxpZGF0aW9uIHJlcXVpcmVt ZW50cyBvZiB0aGUgU3RhcnRDb20gQ0EgcG9saWN5LCByZWxpYW5jZSBvbmx5IGZv ciB0aGUgaW50ZW5kZWQgcHVycG9zZSBpbiBjb21wbGlhbmNlIG9mIHRoZSByZWx5 aW5nIHBhcnR5IG9ibGlnYXRpb25zLjA1BgNVHR8ELjAsMCqgKKAmhiRodHRwOi8v Y3JsLnN0YXJ0c3NsLmNvbS9jcnQxLWNybC5jcmwwgY4GCCsGAQUFBwEBBIGBMH8w OQYIKwYBBQUHMAGGLWh0dHA6Ly9vY3NwLnN0YXJ0c3NsLmNvbS9zdWIvY2xhc3Mx L3NlcnZlci9jYTBCBggrBgEFBQcwAoY2aHR0cDovL2FpYS5zdGFydHNzbC5jb20v Y2VydHMvc3ViLmNsYXNzMS5zZXJ2ZXIuY2EuY3J0MCMGA1UdEgQcMBqGGGh0dHA6 Ly93d3cuc3RhcnRzc2wuY29tLzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAEom5lVxCbfu9 3K+BuowfCgTyA4keiQcYmTUJYXRBV9OiFUc/V5tXyhmgdyYeJB3oKMaEQ3glClZm ueXUkALhaIlEzXjoNZgOh/bdbBPwfOq2WMBaWJbXX3x4C77s52zPBbkqhsBq5nge 1YDho1Z7tVYe8iyqBPUIFq0//LfGVAMoR7ZSwVpUgeiWs3oVKQMyR2BzrNSq392L f8kIdIQ8fTgomtCZ2F2qp8EBIxl6G4UVpeN3Nes9UODpdNeG6lzLoSvYsVX+eWXx 3m29Aem42vlMhtQL1dtahb71nTY26qWAG337fwQoRxAXht3vSs0HhdUEHyGQGsuu k+fcnm/wiQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIGNDCCBBygAwIBAgIBGDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADB9MQswCQYDVQQGEwJJTDEW MBQGA1UEChMNU3RhcnRDb20gTHRkLjErMCkGA1UECxMiU2VjdXJlIERpZ2l0YWwg Q2VydGlmaWNhdGUgU2lnbmluZzEpMCcGA1UEAxMgU3RhcnRDb20gQ2VydGlmaWNh dGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMDcxMDI0MjA1NDE3WhcNMTcxMDI0MjA1NDE3WjCB jDELMAkGA1UEBhMCSUwxFjAUBgNVBAoTDVN0YXJ0Q29tIEx0ZC4xKzApBgNVBAsT IlNlY3VyZSBEaWdpdGFsIENlcnRpZmljYXRlIFNpZ25pbmcxODA2BgNVBAMTL1N0 YXJ0Q29tIENsYXNzIDEgUHJpbWFyeSBJbnRlcm1lZGlhdGUgU2VydmVyIENBMIIB IjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAtonGrO8JUngHrJJj0PREGBiE gFYfka7hh/oyULTTRwbw5gdfcA4Q9x3AzhA2NIVaD5Ksg8asWFI/ujjo/OenJOJA pgh2wJJuniptTT9uYSAK21ne0n1jsz5G/vohURjXzTCm7QduO3CHtPn66+6CPAVv kvek3AowHpNz/gfK11+AnSJYUq4G2ouHI2mw5CrY6oPSvfNx23BaKA+vWjhwRRI/ ME3NO68X5Q/LoKldSKqxYVDLNM08XMML6BDAjJvwAwNi/rJsPnIO7hxDKslIDlc5 xDEhyBDBLIf+VJVSH1I8MRKbf+fAoKVZ1eKPPvDVqOHXcDGpxLPPr21TLwb0pwID AQABo4IBrTCCAakwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwHQYD VR0OBBYEFOtCNNCYsKuf9BtrCPfMZC7vDixFMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFE4L7xqkQFul F2mHMMo0aEPQQa7yMGYGCCsGAQUFBwEBBFowWDAnBggrBgEFBQcwAYYbaHR0cDov L29jc3Auc3RhcnRzc2wuY29tL2NhMC0GCCsGAQUFBzAChiFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnN0 YXJ0c3NsLmNvbS9zZnNjYS5jcnQwWwYDVR0fBFQwUjAnoCWgI4YhaHR0cDovL3d3 dy5zdGFydHNzbC5jb20vc2ZzY2EuY3JsMCegJaAjhiFodHRwOi8vY3JsLnN0YXJ0 c3NsLmNvbS9zZnNjYS5jcmwwgYAGA1UdIAR5MHcwdQYLKwYBBAGBtTcBAgEwZjAu BggrBgEFBQcCARYiaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zdGFydHNzbC5jb20vcG9saWN5LnBkZjA0 BggrBgEFBQcCARYoaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zdGFydHNzbC5jb20vaW50ZXJtZWRpYXRl LnBkZjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAgEAIQlJPqWIbuALi0jaMU2P91ZXouHTYlfp tVbzhUV1O+VQHwSL5qBaPucAroXQ+/8gA2TLrQLhxpFy+KNN1t7ozD+hiqLjfDen xk+PNdb01m4Ge90h2c9W/8swIkn+iQTzheWq8ecf6HWQTd35RvdCNPdFWAwRDYSw xtpdPvkBnufh2lWVvnQce/xNFE+sflVHfXv0pQ1JHpXo9xLBzP92piVH0PN1Nb6X t1gW66pceG/sUzCv6gRNzKkC4/C2BBL2MLERPZBOVmTX3DxDX3M570uvh+v2/miI RHLq0gfGabDBoYvvF0nXYbFFSF87ICHpW7LM9NfpMfULFWE7epTj69m8f5SuauNi YpaoZHy4h/OZMn6SolK+u/hlz8nyMPyLwcKmltdfieFcNID1j0cHL7SRv7Gifl9L WtBbnySGBVFaaQNlQ0lxxeBvlDRr9hvYqbBMflPrj0jfyjO1SPo2ShpTpjMM0InN SRXNiTE8kMBy12VLUjWKRhFEuT2OKGWmPnmeXAhEKa2wNREuIU640ucQPl2Eg7PD wuTSxv0JS3QJ3fGz0xk+gA2iCxnwOOfFwq/iI9th4p1cbiCJSS4jarJiwUW0n6+L p/EiO/h94pDQehn7Skzj0n1fSoMD7SfWI55rjbRZotnvbIIp3XUZPD9MEI3vu3Un 0q6Dp6jOW6c= -----END CERTIFICATE-----輸出
openssl s_client -connect lanzz.org:443：CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 C = GB, CN = www.lanzz.org, emailAddress = postmaster@lanzz.org verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:1 depth=0 C = GB, CN = www.lanzz.org, emailAddress = postmaster@lanzz.org verify error:num=27:certificate not trusted verify return:1 depth=0 C = GB, CN = www.lanzz.org, emailAddress = postmaster@lanzz.org verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=GB/CN=www.lanzz.org/emailAddress=postmaster@lanzz.org i:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 1 Primary Intermediate Server CA --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIGMzCCBRugAwIBAgIDE5WyMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIGMMQswCQYDVQQGEwJJ TDEWMBQGA1UEChMNU3RhcnRDb20gTHRkLjErMCkGA1UECxMiU2VjdXJlIERpZ2l0 YWwgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgU2lnbmluZzE4MDYGA1UEAxMvU3RhcnRDb20gQ2xhc3Mg MSBQcmltYXJ5IEludGVybWVkaWF0ZSBTZXJ2ZXIgQ0EwHhcNMTQxMDE0MTMzNjI1 WhcNMTUxMDE1MTUzODI3WjBKMQswCQYDVQQGEwJHQjEWMBQGA1UEAxMNd3d3Lmxh bnp6Lm9yZzEjMCEGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYUcG9zdG1hc3RlckBsYW56ei5vcmcwggEi MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCs8AMEaHFRZ4S3gGYhDJg05vj3 EadGIi29EJf5iW1YwKduuA62Zv9D2JGh2FCBJDBTswefxFbs2v/HHdP70gr0l669 Vz47RUJgn6xH13xEnVv5btQfPtioLQJNwLnBDR3ycw+9I/CGq+/BmStXBT2fTlDp 7FlDaemkc/mjd4TM6DBL0mfsAfqcSA4GHgQraJSwMyRGn3lon02mOWsDso6nTMEt QYmCvYoM7wVtiBxKGP9Q6Nz3s5Ouc1U7mxKxuLNIO5ZeT+zocW7HQXk1sGal/Hxi Y+Us/SsmcDAvqvI9f44Xe4StMfPDBphEDrOvJt9/zuDu8SNMnEA1cqZHGQFVAgMB AAGjggLdMIIC2TAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMAsGA1UdDwQEAwIDqDATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggr BgEFBQcDATAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUiw5c8ahxug4Ltshgeob3+CjaFSAwHwYDVR0jBBgw FoAU60I00Jiwq5/0G2sI98xkLu8OLEUwIwYDVR0RBBwwGoINd3d3Lmxhbnp6Lm9y Z4IJbGFuenoub3JnMIIBVgYDVR0gBIIBTTCCAUkwCAYGZ4EMAQIBMIIBOwYLKwYB BAGBtTcBAgMwggEqMC4GCCsGAQUFBwIBFiJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnN0YXJ0c3NsLmNv bS9wb2xpY3kucGRmMIH3BggrBgEFBQcCAjCB6jAnFiBTdGFydENvbSBDZXJ0aWZp Y2F0aW9uIEF1dGhvcml0eTADAgEBGoG+VGhpcyBjZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSB3YXMgaXNz dWVkIGFjY29yZGluZyB0byB0aGUgQ2xhc3MgMSBWYWxpZGF0aW9uIHJlcXVpcmVt ZW50cyBvZiB0aGUgU3RhcnRDb20gQ0EgcG9saWN5LCByZWxpYW5jZSBvbmx5IGZv ciB0aGUgaW50ZW5kZWQgcHVycG9zZSBpbiBjb21wbGlhbmNlIG9mIHRoZSByZWx5 aW5nIHBhcnR5IG9ibGlnYXRpb25zLjA1BgNVHR8ELjAsMCqgKKAmhiRodHRwOi8v Y3JsLnN0YXJ0c3NsLmNvbS9jcnQxLWNybC5jcmwwgY4GCCsGAQUFBwEBBIGBMH8w OQYIKwYBBQUHMAGGLWh0dHA6Ly9vY3NwLnN0YXJ0c3NsLmNvbS9zdWIvY2xhc3Mx L3NlcnZlci9jYTBCBggrBgEFBQcwAoY2aHR0cDovL2FpYS5zdGFydHNzbC5jb20v Y2VydHMvc3ViLmNsYXNzMS5zZXJ2ZXIuY2EuY3J0MCMGA1UdEgQcMBqGGGh0dHA6 Ly93d3cuc3RhcnRzc2wuY29tLzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAEom5lVxCbfu9 3K+BuowfCgTyA4keiQcYmTUJYXRBV9OiFUc/V5tXyhmgdyYeJB3oKMaEQ3glClZm ueXUkALhaIlEzXjoNZgOh/bdbBPwfOq2WMBaWJbXX3x4C77s52zPBbkqhsBq5nge 1YDho1Z7tVYe8iyqBPUIFq0//LfGVAMoR7ZSwVpUgeiWs3oVKQMyR2BzrNSq392L f8kIdIQ8fTgomtCZ2F2qp8EBIxl6G4UVpeN3Nes9UODpdNeG6lzLoSvYsVX+eWXx 3m29Aem42vlMhtQL1dtahb71nTY26qWAG337fwQoRxAXht3vSs0HhdUEHyGQGsuu k+fcnm/wiQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/C=GB/CN=www.lanzz.org/emailAddress=postmaster@lanzz.org issuer=/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 1 Primary Intermediate Server CA --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 2256 bytes and written 451 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 958F818087118CA5F3344796B13FD463097B08ACF4F5497A3AD7A40D550FA155 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 3AB94A204BF8E30BEDC615832E7DD5B2347458A6324A85C8C02BD441AF9F39BA09191BEB85A5F40ED99049013A51F7AB Key-Arg : None PSK identity: None PSK identity hint: None SRP username: None TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds) TLS session ticket: 0000 - 27 5f 93 a2 81 ed c3 e7-ba 41 27 0f 8f 95 be f5 '_.......A'..... 0010 - 68 a6 7a 8b 1a 84 71 6a-00 cd ec 94 fc 3f 2c 64 h.z...qj.....?,d 0020 - d8 b1 19 76 ba 8e ff e6-97 39 89 fb 1d 69 47 4a ...v.....9...iGJ 0030 - b3 40 96 a5 30 9e c6 b6-79 7f 93 36 02 31 4d 16 .@..0...y..6.1M. 0040 - 2b d9 d6 0b 3c a9 07 10-63 af 89 b2 19 0e ac b3 +...<...c....... 0050 - 3f c2 41 df f5 23 62 5c-11 d8 f6 be 55 1e e2 74 ?.A..#b\....U..t 0060 - 6c 4f cd ba 72 e1 a1 f7-b4 fb d1 19 6d 33 d5 63 lO..r.......m3.c 0070 - d6 94 a0 e6 e5 0c 33 e4-67 e3 49 fe fc b1 d5 25 ......3.g.I....% 0080 - 9d d7 d3 72 b4 fb 5a 1f-6e 7f 5e 4b 41 21 3a d5 ...r..Z.n.^KA!:. 0090 - 37 ef 4a b4 35 2d 14 bd-29 77 6d c5 6c c5 3c a4 7.J.5-..)wm.l.<. Start Time: 1422525959 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate) ---如您所見，鏈中只有一個證書，Nginx 不提供中間證書。
我已經驗證 Nginx 看到的是正確的捆綁包，因為如果我將伺服器證書與中間證書交換，我確實會
SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file看到文件中提到的預期錯誤。當我以正確的順序放置它們時，我在啟動時看不到錯誤，在請求時看不到錯誤，但在 SSL 會話中看不到中間證書。該鏈在其他方面是正確的，因為我已經驗證已經具有中間體的瀏覽器將接受伺服器證書，並且我已經驗證了中間體的指紋和我在瀏覽器中看到的伺服器證書與我得到的匹配伺服器上我的捆綁包中的證書。
我在這裡完全不知所措，我不知道還能嘗試什麼。我認為一切都是書上設置的，但我仍然沒有得到預期的結果
s_client。即使遇到這樣的問題，我也找不到其他人，更不用說任何現有的解決方案了。我什至嘗試在捆綁包中包含根證書，但沒有任何效果。任何提示或指示將不勝感激。
事實證明，Nginx 文件有些誤導，並且與 SNI 不一致。
執行
openssl s_client -connect lanzz.org:443：CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 C = GB, CN = www.lanzz.org, emailAddress = postmaster@lanzz.org verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:1 depth=0 C = GB, CN = www.lanzz.org, emailAddress = postmaster@lanzz.org verify error:num=27:certificate not trusted verify return:1 depth=0 C = GB, CN = www.lanzz.org, emailAddress = postmaster@lanzz.org verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=GB/CN=www.lanzz.org/emailAddress=postmaster@lanzz.org i:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 1 Primary Intermediate Server CA ---執行
openssl s_client -connect lanzz.org:443 -servername lanzz.org：CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = IL, O = StartCom Ltd., OU = Secure Digital Certificate Signing, CN = StartCom Class 1 Primary Intermediate Server CA verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:0 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=GB/CN=www.lanzz.org/emailAddress=postmaster@lanzz.org i:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 1 Primary Intermediate Server CA 1 s:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 1 Primary Intermediate Server CA i:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Certification Authority ---顯然，一方面我的預設虛擬主機配置了錯誤的證書文件（一個沒有中間文件），另一方面
openssl s_client沒有自動為傳遞給-connect參數的主機名提供 SNI 擴展。Nginx 文件天真地提供了一個僅測試預設虛擬主機的 SSL 設置的命令，我認為這很少是人們通常想要的。TL;DR：
-servername在測試 SSL 鏈時提供參數：openssl s_client -connect <hostname>:443 -servername <hostname>