Fail2ban
Fail2ban 沒有啟動
我對文件 /etc/fail2ban/jail.local（/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf 的副本）做了一些更改並保存了，但現在 fail2ban 沒有啟動。如果我刪除了 jail.local，那麼它會重新開始。所以問題出在這個文件（jail.local）中，但是在尋找問題 2 小時後，我真的不知道錯誤在哪裡。
請問，有人可以幫我找出問題嗎？謝謝你。
這是文件
# # WARNING: heavily refactored in 0.9.0 release. Please review and # customize settings for your setup. # # Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this # file, but provide customizations in jail.local file, # or separate .conf files under jail.d/ directory, e.g.: # # HOW TO ACTIVATE JAILS: # # YOU SHOULD NOT MODIFY THIS FILE. # # It will probably be overwritten or improved in a distribution update. # # Provide customizations in a jail.local file or a jail.d/customisation.local. # For example to change the default bantime for all jails and to enable the # ssh-iptables jail the following (uncommented) would appear in the .local file. # See man 5 jail.conf for details. # # [DEFAULT] # bantime = 3600 # # [sshd] # enabled = true # # See jail.conf(5) man page for more information # Comments: use '#' for comment lines and ';' (following a space) for inline comments [INCLUDES] #before = paths-distro.conf before = paths-fedora.conf # The DEFAULT allows a global definition of the options. They can be overridden # in each jail afterwards. [DEFAULT] # # MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS # # "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will not # ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses can be # defined using space separator. ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 199.27.128.0/21 173.245.48.0/20 103.21.244.0/22 103.22.200.0/22 103.31.4.0/22 141.101.64.0/18 108.162.192.0/18 190.93.240.0/20 188.114.96.0/20 197.234.240.0/22 198.41.128.0/17 162.158.0.0/15 104.16.0.0/12 # External command that will take an tagged arguments to ignore, e.g. <ip>, # and return true if the IP is to be ignored. False otherwise. # # ignorecommand = /path/to/command <ip> ignorecommand = # "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned. bantime = 2700000 # A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime" # seconds. findtime = 600 # "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned. maxretry = 5 # "backend" specifies the backend used to get files modification. # Available options are "pyinotify", "gamin", "polling", "systemd" and "auto". # This option can be overridden in each jail as well. # # pyinotify: requires pyinotify (a file alteration monitor) to be installed. # If pyinotify is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto. # gamin: requires Gamin (a file alteration monitor) to be installed. # If Gamin is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto. # polling: uses a polling algorithm which does not require external libraries. # systemd: uses systemd python library to access the systemd journal. # Specifying "logpath" is not valid for this backend. # See "journalmatch" in the jails associated filter config # auto: will try to use the following backends, in order: # pyinotify, gamin, polling. backend = auto # "usedns" specifies if jails should trust hostnames in logs, # warn when DNS lookups are performed, or ignore all hostnames in logs # # yes: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed. # warn: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed, # but it will be logged as a warning. # no: if a hostname is encountered, will not be used for banning, # but it will be logged as info. usedns = warn # "logencoding" specifies the encoding of the log files handled by the jail # This is used to decode the lines from the log file. # Typical examples: "ascii", "utf-8" # # auto: will use the system locale setting logencoding = auto # "enabled" enables the jails. # By default all jails are disabled, and it should stay this way. # Enable only relevant to your setup jails in your .local or jail.d/*.conf # # true: jail will be enabled and log files will get monitored for changes # false: jail is not enabled enabled = false # "filter" defines the filter to use by the jail. # By default jails have names matching their filter name # filter = %(__name__)s # # ACTIONS # # Some options used for actions # Destination email address used solely for the interpolations in # jail.{conf,local,d/*} configuration files. destemail = root@localhost # Sender email address used solely for some actions sender = root@localhost # E-mail action. Since 0.8.1 Fail2Ban uses sendmail MTA for the # mailing. Change mta configuration parameter to mail if you want to # revert to conventional 'mail'. mta = sendmail # Default protocol protocol = tcp # Specify chain where jumps would need to be added in iptables-* actions chain = INPUT # Ports to be banned # Usually should be overridden in a particular jail port = 0:65535 # # Action shortcuts. To be used to define action parameter # Default banning action (e.g. iptables, iptables-new, # iptables-multiport, shorewall, etc) It is used to define # action_* variables. Can be overridden globally or per # section within jail.local file banaction = iptables-multiport # The simplest action to take: ban only action_ = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] # ban & send an e-mail with whois report to the destemail. action_mw = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] %(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] # ban & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines # to the destemail. action_mwl = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] %(mta)s-whois-lines[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, chain="%(chain)s"] # See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/xarf-login-attack for when to use this action # # ban & send a xarf e-mail to abuse contact of IP address and include relevant log lines # to the destemail. action_xarf = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] xarf-login-attack[service=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, port="%(port)s"] # Report block via blocklist.de fail2ban reporting service API # # See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/blocklist_de.conf for when to # use this action. Create a file jail.d/blocklist_de.local containing # [Init] # blocklist_de_apikey = {api key from registration] # action_blocklist_de = blocklist_de[email="%(sender)s", service=%(filter)s, apikey="%(blocklist_de_apikey)s"] # Report ban via badips.com, and use as blacklist # # See BadIPsAction docstring in config/action.d/badips.py for # documentation for this action. # # NOTE: This action relies on banaction being present on start and therefore # should be last action defined for a jail. # action_badips = badips.py[category="%(name)s", banaction="%(banaction)s"] # Choose default action. To change, just override value of 'action' with the # interpolation to the chosen action shortcut (e.g. action_mw, action_mwl, etc) in jail.local # globally (section [DEFAULT]) or per specific section action = %(action_)s # # JAILS # # # SSH servers # [sshd] enabled = true port = ssh filter = sshd logpath = %(sshd_log)s maxretry = 5 [sshd-ddos] # This jail corresponds to the standard configuration in Fail2ban. # The mail-whois action send a notification e-mail with a whois request # in the body. enabled = true port = ssh filter = sshd-ddos logpath = %(sshd_log)s maxretry = 5 [dropbear] port = ssh logpath = %(dropbear_log)s [selinux-ssh] port = ssh logpath = %(auditd_log)s maxretry = 5 # # HTTP servers # [apache-auth] enabled = true port = http,https filter = apache-auth logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 5 [apache-badbots] # Ban hosts which agent identifies spammer robots crawling the web # for email addresses. The mail outputs are buffered. port = http,https logpath = %(apache_access_log)s bantime = 172800 maxretry = 1 [apache-noscript] enabled = true port = http,https filter = apache-noscript logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 6 [apache-overflows] enabled = true port = http,https filter = apache-overflows logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 3 [apache-nohome] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 2 [apache-botsearch] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 2 [apache-modsecurity] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 2 [apache-shellshock] enabled = true port = http,https filter = apache-shellshock logpath = $(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 1 [nginx-http-auth] ports = http,https logpath = %(nginx_error_log)s # Ban attackers that try to use PHP's URL-fopen() functionality # through GET/POST variables. - Experimental, with more than a year # of usage in production environments. [php-url-fopen] port = http,https logpath = %(nginx_access_log)s %(apache_access_log)s [suhosin] port = http,https logpath = %(suhosin_log)s [lighttpd-auth] # Same as above for Apache's mod_auth # It catches wrong authentifications port = http,https logpath = %(lighttpd_error_log)s # # Webmail and groupware servers # [roundcube-auth] port = http,https logpath = /var/log/roundcube/userlogins [openwebmail] port = http,https logpath = /var/log/openwebmail.log [horde] port = http,https logpath = /var/log/horde/horde.log [groupoffice] port = http,https logpath = /home/groupoffice/log/info.log [sogo-auth] # Monitor SOGo groupware server # without proxy this would be: # port = 20000 port = http,https logpath = /var/log/sogo/sogo.log [tine20] logpath = /var/log/tine20/tine20.log port = http,https maxretry = 5 # # Web Applications # # [guacamole] port = http,https logpath = /var/log/tomcat*/catalina.out [monit] #Ban clients brute-forcing the monit gui login filter = monit port = 2812 logpath = /var/log/monit [webmin-auth] enabled = true port = 10000 filter = webmin-auth logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s maxretry = 5 # # HTTP Proxy servers # # [squid] port = 80,443,3128,8080 logpath = /var/log/squid/access.log [3proxy] port = 3128 logpath = /var/log/3proxy.log # # FTP servers # [proftpd] enabled = true port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data filter = proftpd logpath = %(proftpd_log)s maxretry = 5 [pure-ftpd] port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(pureftpd_log)s maxretry = 6 [gssftpd] port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s maxretry = 6 [wuftpd] port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(wuftpd_log)s maxretry = 6 [vsftpd] # or overwrite it in jails.local to be # logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s # if you want to rely on PAM failed login attempts # vsftpd's failregex should match both of those formats port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(vsftpd_log)s # # Mail servers # # ASSP SMTP Proxy Jail [assp] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = /root/path/to/assp/logs/maillog.txt [courier-smtp] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [postfix] enabled = true port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(postfix_log)s [sendmail-auth] enabled = true port = submission,465,smtp logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [sendmail-reject] enabled = true port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [qmail-rbl] filter = qmail port = smtp,465,submission logpath = /service/qmail/log/main/current # dovecot defaults to logging to the mail syslog facility # but can be set by syslog_facility in the dovecot configuration. [dovecot] enabled = true port = pop3,pop3s,imap,imaps,submission,465,sieve logpath = %(dovecot_log)s [sieve] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(dovecot_log)s [solid-pop3d] port = pop3,pop3s logpath = %(solidpop3d_log)s [exim] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(exim_main_log)s [exim-spam] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(exim_main_log)s [kerio] port = imap,smtp,imaps,465 logpath = /opt/kerio/mailserver/store/logs/security.log # # Mail servers authenticators: might be used for smtp,ftp,imap servers, so # all relevant ports get banned # [courier-auth] port = smtp,465,submission,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [postfix-sasl] port = smtp,465,submission,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s # You might consider monitoring /var/log/mail.warn instead if you are # running postfix since it would provide the same log lines at the # "warn" level but overall at the smaller filesize. logpath = %(postfix_log)s [perdition] port = imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [squirrelmail] port = smtp,465,submission,imap2,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s,http,https,socks logpath = /var/lib/squirrelmail/prefs/squirrelmail_access_log [cyrus-imap] port = imap3,imaps logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [uwimap-auth] port = imap3,imaps logpath = %(syslog_mail)s # # # DNS servers # # !!! WARNING !!! # Since UDP is connection-less protocol, spoofing of IP and imitation # of illegal actions is way too simple. Thus enabling of this filter # might provide an easy way for implementing a DoS against a chosen # victim. See # http://nion.modprobe.de/blog/archives/690-fail2ban-+-dns-fail.html # Please DO NOT USE this jail unless you know what you are doing. # # IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging # This jail blocks UDP traffic for DNS requests. # [named-refused-udp] # # filter = named-refused # port = domain,953 # protocol = udp # logpath = /var/log/named/security.log # IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging # This jail blocks TCP traffic for DNS requests. [named-refused] port = domain,953 logpath = /var/log/named/security.log [nsd] port = 53 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] logpath = /var/log/nsd.log # # Miscellaneous # [asterisk] port = 5060,5061 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] %(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s"] logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages maxretry = 10 [freeswitch] port = 5060,5061 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] %(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s"] logpath = /var/log/freeswitch.log maxretry = 10 # To log wrong MySQL access attempts add to /etc/my.cnf in [mysqld] or # equivalent section: # log-warning = 2 # # for syslog (daemon facility) # [mysqld_safe] # syslog # # for own logfile # [mysqld] # log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log [mysqld-auth] port = 3306 logpath = %(mysql_log)s maxretry = 5 # Jail for more extended banning of persistent abusers # !!! WARNING !!! # Make sure that your loglevel specified in fail2ban.conf/.local # is not at DEBUG level -- which might then cause fail2ban to fall into # an infinite loop constantly feeding itself with non-informative lines [recidive] logpath = /var/log/fail2ban.log port = all protocol = all bantime = 604800 ; 1 week findtime = 86400 ; 1 day maxretry = 5 # Generic filter for PAM. Has to be used with action which bans all # ports such as iptables-allports, shorewall [pam-generic] # pam-generic filter can be customized to monitor specific subset of 'tty's banaction = iptables-allports logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s [xinetd-fail] banaction = iptables-multiport-log logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s maxretry = 2 # stunnel - need to set port for this [stunnel] logpath = /var/log/stunnel4/stunnel.log [ejabberd-auth] port = 5222 logpath = /var/log/ejabberd/ejabberd.log [counter-strike] logpath = /opt/cstrike/logs/L[0-9]*.log # Firewall: http://www.cstrike-planet.com/faq/6 tcpport = 27030,27031,27032,27033,27034,27035,27036,27037,27038,27039 udpport = 1200,27000,27001,27002,27003,27004,27005,27006,27007,27008,27009,27010,27011,27012,27013,27014,27015 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(tcpport)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(udpport)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] # consider low maxretry and a long bantime # nobody except your own Nagios server should ever probe nrpe [nagios] enabled = false logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s ; nrpe.cfg may define a different log_facility maxretry = 1 [oracleims] # see "oracleims" filter file for configuration requirement for Oracle IMS v6 and above enabled = false logpath = /opt/sun/comms/messaging64/log/mail.log_current maxretry = 6 banaction = iptables-allports [directadmin] enabled = false logpath = /var/log/directadmin/login.log port = 2222 [portsentry] enabled = false logpath = /var/lib/portsentry/portsentry.history maxretry = 1g這是我嘗試啟動fail2ban時遇到的錯誤
Job for fail2ban.service failed. See 'systemctl status fail2ban.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.這是我輸入systemctl status fail2ban.service時出現的錯誤
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/fail2ban.service; enabled) Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Sun 2015-02-01 17:20:19 CET; 50s ago Docs: man:fail2ban(1) Process: 18318 ExecStop=/usr/bin/fail2ban-client stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 19570 ExecStart=/usr/bin/fail2ban-client -x start (code=exited, status=255) Main PID: 18304 (code=killed, signal=TERM)在 /var/log/fail2ban.log 中沒有出現任何錯誤
解決此問題的任何提示？謝謝
您必須驗證您啟用的每個服務都有一個與 fail2ban 所期望的匹配的日誌文件。
例如：
sshd 在 fail2ban 中定義了一個日誌文件：
logpath = %(sshd_log)s進一步映射到：
sshd_log = %(syslog_authpriv)s然後取決於特定的發行版文件，例如
paths-fedora.conf:syslog_authpriv = /var/log/secure如果找不到文件，fail2ban 將不會啟動。如果您知道文件在哪裡，那麼只需手動編輯 logpath 行，這將解決您的問題。