使用 Postfix/Dovecot 發送和接收郵件
如果不是幾週,我已經搜尋了幾天。好吧,我嘗試配置 Postfix(失敗了),目的是在不使用 Gmail 等外部中繼服務的情況下發送郵件,並配置一個(本地?)中繼伺服器,它將通過埠 587 使用。
如果我錯了,請糾正我,這個項目是我第一個熟悉電子郵件類型伺服器的項目。
在進行任何解釋之前,將為生產型伺服器配置此環境。最終配置也將在 Docker 映像中進行,但我嘗試通過在多個 VM 上建構所有內容來學習每一步(這個在 HyperV 中)
在過去的幾天裡,我遵循了本教程並成功完成了設置。接下來,我創建了一個客戶端、一個(網站)和一個帶有郵箱的電子郵件域。這導致我可以在 Roundcube 請求成功登錄。問題涉及的地方是當我嘗試從 Roundcube 發送電子郵件時,我檢查了日誌文件,嘗試重新配置 Postfix 部分(main.cf、master.cf 和 dpkg-reconfigure postfix
service postfix restart
,當然後面跟著)以下是我的設置範例:
- 我在域 dns 中設置了一個 MX 記錄,例如值“subdomain.domain.ext”
- 我遵循與教程相同的主機名和/或 /etc/hosts 步驟:
以下範例是根據上述 MX 值:
hostname (according to example) subdomain
cat /etc/hosts:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost local_ip subdomain.domain.ext subdomain The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
後綴 main.cf:
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on # fresh installs. compatibility_level = 2 # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination myhostname = subdomain.domain.ext alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname #mydestination = subdomain.domain.ext, localhost, localhost.localdomain mydestination = localhost, localhost.localdomain relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_uids.cf virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_gids.cf sender_bcc_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_outgoing_bcc.cf smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_restriction_classes = greylisting greylisting = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_recipient.cf, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_policy_greylist.cf smtpd_tls_security_level = may transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/transport-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf relay_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relaydomains.cf relay_recipient_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relayrecipientmaps.cf smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender_login_maps.cf proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $sender_bcc_maps $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $smtpd_sender_login_maps smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/helo_access, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_helo_hostname, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/blacklist_helo smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_originating.re , permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, check_sender_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender.cf, check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_foreign.re smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100 maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1 maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1 virtual_transport = dovecot header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks nested_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks owner_request_special = no smtp_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3 smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3 smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 receive_override_options = no_address_mappings
後綴 master.cf:
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or # on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - y - - smtpd #smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy submission inet n - y - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/submission -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes # -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions # -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions # -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions # -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions= # -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING smtps inet n - y - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions # -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions # -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions # -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions= # -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - y - - qmqpd pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce defer unix - - y - 0 bounce trace unix - - y - 0 bounce verify unix - - y - 1 verify flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - y - - smtp relay unix - - y - - smtp -o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - y - - showq error unix - - y - - error retry unix - - y - - error discard unix - - y - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil scache unix - - y - 1 scache postlog unix-dgram n - n - 1 postlogd # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d vmail ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop} amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o smtp_bind_address= 127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o smtpd_client_restrictions= -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8 -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes -o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o disable_dns_lookups=yes 127.0.0.1:10027 inet n - n - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o smtpd_client_restrictions= -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8 -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes -o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o milter_default_action=accept -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING -o disable_dns_lookups=yes
- 尾 -f /var/log/mail.log:
postfix/smtpd[30136]: disconnect from localhost[::1] ehlo=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=6 Jul 20 08:40:50 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30156, secured, session=<1yIO0d6qMroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:40:50 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30156><1yIO0d6qMroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=1128 out=1056 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: C36A7E08A8: client=localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/cleanup[30094]: C36A7E08A8: message-id=<c6552f40a3f0416d675b24ae6a8e99b5@domain.ext> Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: disconnect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5 Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: C36A7E08A8: from=<colin@domain.ext>, size=1656, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 20 08:40:50 echo amavis[23070]: (23070-16) Passed CLEAN {RelayedOutbound}, ORIGINATING LOCAL [::1]:34068 <colin@domain.ext> -> <originaladdress@hidden.ext>, Queue-ID: 48F7EE089B, Message-ID: <c6552f40a3f0416d675b24ae6a8e99b5@domain.ext>, mail_id: ZkrJmYfgX0Jz, Hits: 0.213, size: 1191, queued_as: C36A7E08A8, 464 ms Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtp[30097]: 48F7EE089B: to=<originaladdress@hidden.ext>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10026, delay=0.54, delays=0.07/0/0.01/0.46, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA(smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10027): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as C36A7E08A8) Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: 48F7EE089B: removed Jul 20 08:40:50 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: C36A7E08A8: to=<originaladdress@hidden.ext>, relay=mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8]:25, delay=0.14, delays=0.02/0/0.12/0, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (host mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8] refused to talk to me: 550 mx5.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net mx5.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net MXIN102 Your IP {HIDDEN_IP} is in RBL. Please see https://www.spamhaus.org/query/ip/{HIDDEN_IP} ;id=xV6AjHSqSlfIA;sid=xV6AjHSqSlfIA;mta=mx5.tb;d=20200720;t=144050[CET];ipsrc={HIDDEN_IP};) Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30162, secured, session=<Z0UZ0d6qOroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30162><Z0UZ0d6qOroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=70 out=654 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30165, secured, session=<WPIc0d6qPLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30166, secured, session=<KRId0d6qProAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30166><KRId0d6qProAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=119 out=787 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:40:51 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30165><WPIc0d6qPLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=317 out=6562 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=14 hdr_bytes=2388 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:40:52 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: B9038E08FB: from=<colin@domain.ext>, size=1042, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 20 08:40:53 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: B9038E08FB: to=<originaladdress@hidden.ext>, relay=mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8]:25, delay=5170, delays=5170/0/0.16/0, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (host mx.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net[212.54.42.8] refused to talk to me: 550 mx2.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net mx2.tb.mail.iss.as9143.net MXIN102 Your IP {HIDDEN_IP} is in RBL. Please see https://www.spamhaus.org/query/ip/{HIDDEN_IP} ;id=xV6DjCowJQsUv;sid=xV6DjCowJQsUv;mta=mx2.tb;d=20200720;t=144053[CET];ipsrc={HIDDEN_IP};) Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30168, secured, session=<B99J0d6qQroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30168><B99J0d6qQroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=32 out=506 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30170, secured, session=<UgNL0d6qRLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:40:54 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30170><UgNL0d6qRLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=44 out=613 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: connect from localhost[::1] Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: NOQUEUE: filter: RCPT from localhost[::1]: <colin@domain.ext>: Sender address triggers FILTER amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10026; from=<colin@domain.ext> to=<originaladdresshidden@gmail.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<_> Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: 71BA4E08A3: client=localhost[::1], sasl_method=LOGIN, sasl_username=colin@domain.ext Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/cleanup[30094]: 71BA4E08A3: message-id=<7a8438b0a5859779009d2e9d74f9e91e@domain.ext> Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: 71BA4E08A3: from=<colin@domain.ext>, size=595, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30136]: disconnect from localhost[::1] ehlo=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=6 Jul 20 08:41:15 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30187, secured, session=<zC2O0t6qSroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:41:15 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30187><zC2O0t6qSroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=460 out=670 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: AEDF6E08A2: client=localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/cleanup[30094]: AEDF6E08A2: message-id=<7a8438b0a5859779009d2e9d74f9e91e@domain.ext> Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtpd[30159]: disconnect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5 Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: AEDF6E08A2: from=<colin@domain.ext>, size=1070, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 20 08:41:15 echo amavis[27021]: (27021-05) Passed CLEAN {RelayedOutbound}, ORIGINATING LOCAL [::1]:34094 <colin@domain.ext> -> <originaladdresshidden@gmail.com>, Queue-ID: 71BA4E08A3, Message-ID: <7a8438b0a5859779009d2e9d74f9e91e@domain.ext>, mail_id: yi2HrBVrV9H1, Hits: 0.213, size: 595, queued_as: AEDF6E08A2, 211 ms Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/smtp[30097]: 71BA4E08A3: to=<originaladdresshidden@gmail.com>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10026, delay=0.29, delays=0.07/0/0.01/0.21, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA(smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10027): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as AEDF6E08A2) Jul 20 08:41:15 echo postfix/qmgr[27585]: 71BA4E08A3: removed Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30190, secured, session=<pjKZ0t6qULoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30190><pjKZ0t6qULoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=70 out=654 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30193, secured, session=<wB6e0t6qUroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<colin@domain.ext>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=30194, secured, session=<u2ie0t6qVLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB> Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30194><u2ie0t6qVLoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=119 out=795 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=0 hdr_bytes=0 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:41:16 echo dovecot: imap(colin@domain.ext)<30193><wB6e0t6qUroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB>: Logged out in=317 out=6982 deleted=0 expunged=0 trashed=0 hdr_count=15 hdr_bytes=2563 body_count=0 body_bytes=0 Jul 20 08:41:45 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.27]:25: Connection timed out Jul 20 08:41:45 echo postfix/smtp[30141]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2a00:1450:4013:c04::1a]:25: Network is unreachable
但是,我在這個日誌中看到郵件已經成功發送給收件人(不是從外部地址收到的),但是為什麼它一直在嘗試通過埠 25?我的 ISP 阻止了它,我想強制使用埠 587,因為它可以在每個環境中工作,多個服務/isp。另外,我看到了很多基於 Gmail 的服務的結果
Network is unreachable
,Connection timed out
當它通過正確的埠連接時,這是否解決了?我也無法使用 Dovecot 在此伺服器上接收任何郵件。有沒有其他方法可以解決這個問題,因為我找不到任何關於它為什麼不起作用的錯誤回复?
如果有意義,我還從 Roundcube 獲得了關於發送的診斷程式碼:
smtp; 554 5.7.1 <unknown[192.168.1.1]>: Client host rejected: Access denied
如果有人可以幫助我解決這個問題,那就太感謝了
希望這對您有所幫助: 例如。你有:
- 域名:mydomain.com
- 郵件域:mail.mydomain.com
- 靜態IP:123.123.123.123
- MTA : 後綴
這裡需要更多的努力:
- 網際網路服務提供商
- 向您的 ISP 詢問 ip 的反向記錄 (PTR),即 123.123.123.123 到 mail.mydomain.com
- 要求您的 ISP 打開 IP 123.123.123.123 的 smtp 埠(如果您想使用多個 ip 進行故障轉移,也可以使用 dns 埠)
- 面板
- 添加A 記錄:類型: A TTL: 3600主機: mail.mydomain.com 指向**:** 123.123.123.123
- 添加MX 記錄:類型: MX TTL: 3600主機: mydomain.com優先級: 10 點到: mail.mydomain.com
- 添加MX 記錄:類型: MX TTL: 3600主機: mydomain.com優先級: 20 點到: mydomain.com
- 在 cPANEL 中配置SPF + DKIM + DMARC記錄( dkim + dmarc 生成器)
- 檢查並從黑名單站點中刪除您的 IP 123.123.123.123 。
- 郵件伺服器
- 主機名:mail.mydomain.com
- 防火牆開放埠:80,443,25,143,587,993,995 用於電子郵件
- 添加包fail2ban(防止外部攻擊),policyd(限制傳入和傳出電子郵件),claimav(病毒掃描)
我的 MAILSERVER WORKING conf(對於 centos7):
postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases bounce_notice_recipient = postmaster@mydomain.com broken_sasl_auth_clients = no command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 default_destination_concurrency_limit = 30 default_destination_rate_delay = 5s disable_vrfy_command = yes dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 enable_original_recipient = no fast_flush_domains = $mydomain html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 insiders_only = check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/insiders, reject mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man message_size_limit = 5242880 milter_default_action = accept mydestination = $myhostname mydomain = mydomain.com myhostname = mail.mydomain.com mynetworks = cidr:/etc/postfix/network_table myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES relay_recipient_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtp_tls_loglevel = 1 smtp_tls_security_level = may smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name. Send us your mail..not your spam!! smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 30 smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031 smtpd_etrn_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, permit smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891 smtpd_recipient_limit = 30 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031, check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/protected_destinations, hash:/etc/postfix/bad_recipients, check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client b.barracudacentral.org, permit smtpd_reject_footer = \c. For assistance, Please provide the following information in your problem report: time ($localtime), client ($client_address) and server ($server_name). smtpd_restriction_classes = insiders_only smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_login_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031, reject_sender_login_mismatch, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, permit smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/mydomain.com.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/mydomain.com.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:12 virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_limit = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf virtual_minimum_uid = 150 virtual_transport = dovecot virtual_uid_maps = static:150
鴿子會議 -n
# 2.2.36 (1f10bfa63): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # Pigeonhole version 0.4.24 (124e06aa) doveconf: Warning: NOTE: You can get a new clean config file with: doveconf -n > dovecot-new.conf doveconf: Warning: Obsolete setting in /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf:30: 'imaps' protocol is no longer necessary, remove it doveconf: Warning: NOTE: You can get a new clean config file with: doveconf -n > dovecot-new.conf doveconf: Warning: Obsolete setting in /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf:30: 'imaps' protocol is no longer necessary, remove it doveconf: Warning: service auth { client_limit=3000 } is lower than required under max. load (4000) doveconf: Warning: service anvil { client_limit=3000 } is lower than required under max. load (3003) # OS: Linux 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 x86_64 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) xfs # Hostname: mail.mydomain.com auth_default_realm = mydomain.com auth_failure_delay = 5 secs auth_mechanisms = plain login auth_realms = mydomain.com auth_verbose = yes default_client_limit = 3000 default_process_limit = 1000 dict { sqldomainquota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql-domain.conf sqluserquota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql-user.conf } first_valid_gid = 12 first_valid_uid = 150 last_valid_gid = 12 last_valid_uid = 150 listen = *,:: log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log mail_debug = yes mail_gid = mail mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n mail_plugins = " quota" mail_privileged_group = mail mail_uid = vmail managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date index ihave duplicate mime foreverypart extracttext mbox_write_locks = fcntl namespace inbox { inbox = yes location = mailbox Drafts { special_use = \Drafts } mailbox Junk { special_use = \Junk } mailbox Sent { special_use = \Sent } mailbox "Sent Messages" { special_use = \Sent } mailbox Trash { special_use = \Trash } prefix = } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext driver = sql } plugin { quota = dict:User Quota::proxy::sqluserquota sieve = file:~/sieve;active=~/.dovecot.sieve sieve_default = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/default.sieve sieve_dir = ~/.sieve sieve_global_dir = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/ } postmaster_address = postmaster@mydomain.com protocols = imap sieve service auth-worker { user = vmail } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0666 user = postfix } unix_listener auth-userdb { mode = 0600 user = vmail } user = dovecot } service dict { unix_listener dict { mode = 0600 user = vmail } } service imap-login { inet_listener imaps { port = 993 ssl = yes } } service lmtp { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp { group = postfix mode = 0600 user = postfix } } service managesieve-login { inet_listener sieve { port = 4190 } } ssl_cert = </etc/pki/tls/certs/mydomain.com.crt ssl_key = # hidden, use -P to show it userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext driver = sql } verbose_proctitle = yes protocol lda { mail_plugins = " quota sieve quota" } protocol imap { mail_plugins = " quota imap_quota" } protocol pop3 { mail_plugins = " quota quota" }
圓立方配置
<?php $config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysql://user:password@localhost/database'; $config['default_host'] = 'imaps://localhost'; $config['smtp_server'] = 'tls://localhost'; $config['smtp_user'] = '%u'; $config['smtp_pass'] = '%p'; $config['support_url'] = ''; $config['des_key'] = '5d4eed1d4eddizHjz6i6GTLb'; $config['username_domain'] = 'mydomain.com'; $config['product_name'] = 'Roundcube WebMail'; $config['plugins'] = array('archive','filters', 'globaladdressbook', 'hide_blockquote', 'identicon', 'jqueryui', 'markasjunk', 'new_user_identity', 'newmail_notifier', 'show_additional_headers','managesieve', 'zipdownload'); //clears trash when user logs out (if true) #$config['logout_purge'] = true; $config['default_port'] = 993; $config['max_message_size'] = '5M';
如果您使用的是 debian,此連結可能會有所幫助。