如何列出從 Windows 中的 DHCP 伺服器發送到客戶端的 DHCP 選項？

如何列出從 Windows 中的 DHCP 伺服器發送到客戶端的選項？使用 PowerShell 還是命令行？

最好的方法是使用 WireShark 之類的東西來查看 DHCP 數據包。

但是，DHCP 選項儲存在系統資料庫中，請查看密鑰Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces

它是原始數據，但您可以使用此腳本從網站https://ingmarverheij.com/read-dhcp-options-received-by-the-client/破譯其中的一些數據

# 
# Name        : ReadDhcpOptions.ps1
# Author      : Ingmar Verheij - http://www.ingmarverheij.com
# Version     : 1.0, 12 july 2013
# Description : Shows the Dhcp options received by all Dhcp enabled NICs
# 

#http://www.sans.org/windows-security/2010/02/11/powershell-byte-array-hex-convert
function Convert-ByteArrayToString {
################################################################
#.Synopsis
# Returns the string representation of a System.Byte[] array.
# ASCII string is the default, but Unicode, UTF7, UTF8 and
# UTF32 are available too.
#.Parameter ByteArray
# System.Byte[] array of bytes to put into the file. If you
# pipe this array in, you must pipe the [Ref] to the array.
# Also accepts a single Byte object instead of Byte[].
#.Parameter Encoding
# Encoding of the string: ASCII, Unicode, UTF7, UTF8 or UTF32.
# ASCII is the default.
################################################################
[CmdletBinding()] Param (
[Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)] [System.Byte[]] $ByteArray,
[Parameter()] [String] $Encoding = "ASCII"
)
switch ( $Encoding.ToUpper() )
{
"ASCII" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.ASCIIEncoding" }
"UNICODE" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UnicodeEncoding" }
"UTF7" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UTF7Encoding" }
"UTF8" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UTF8Encoding" }
"UTF32" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UTF32Encoding" }
Default { $EncodingType = "System.Text.ASCIIEncoding" }
}
$Encode = new-object $EncodingType
$Encode.GetString($ByteArray)
}


#Fill an array with the "DHCP Message Type 53 values" from http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters/bootp-dhcp-parameters.xhtml
#(the dirty way)
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPDISCOVER")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPOFFER")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPREQUEST")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPDECLINE")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPACK")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPNAK")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPRELEASE")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPINFORM")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPFORCERENEW")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEQUERY")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEACTIVE")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE")


#Read dhcp-option information from CSV (ignore if the file can't be read)
try {$dhcpOptionDetails = @(); $dhcpOptionDetails = Import-Csv "DhcpOptions.csv" -Delimiter ";"} catch { }
try {$dhcpOptionVSDetails = @(); $dhcpOptionVSDetails = Import-Csv "DhcpOptionsVS.csv" -Delimiter ";" } catch { }

#Iterate through NIC's with IP obtained via DHCP
$objWin32NAC = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration -namespace "root\CIMV2" -computername "." -Filter "IPEnabled = 'True' AND DHCPEnabled ='True'" 
foreach ($objNACItem in $objWin32NAC) 
{

   #Write adapter neame
   Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor White "Reading DHCP options of NIC "
   Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow $objNACItem.Caption 
   Write-Host ""

   #Write IP information
   Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor White "  IP address : " 
   Write-Host ((Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{0}" -f $objNACItem.SettingID) -Name DhcpIPAddress).DhcpIPAddress)
   Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor White "  DHCP server: " 
   
   #Write DHCP options
   Write-Host ((Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{0}" -f $objNACItem.SettingID) -Name DhcpServer).DhcpServer)
   Write-Host -ForegroundColor White "  Options    :" 
   
   #Read DHCP options
   $DhcpInterfaceOptions = (Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{0}" -f $objNACItem.SettingID) -Name DhcpInterfaceOptions).DhcpInterfaceOptions
   $DhcpOptions = @(); for ( $i = 0 ; $i -lt 256; $i++ ) { $DhcpOptions += @("") }
   $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions = @(); for ( $i = 0 ; $i -lt 256; $i++ ) { $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions += @("") }
   
   #Iterate through DHCP options
   $intPosition = 0
   while ($intPosition -lt $DhcpInterfaceOptions.length) 
   {
       #Read Dhcp code 
       $DhcpOptionCode = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition]
       $intPosition = $intPosition + 8 #shift 8 bytes
       
       #Read length
       $DhcpOptionLength = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition]
       $intPosition = $intPosition + 4 #shift 4 bytes
       
       #Is this a vendor specific option?
       $DhcpIsVendorSpecific = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition]
       $intPosition = $intPosition + 4 #shift 4 bytes
       
       #Read "unknown data"
       $DhcpUnknownData = ""
       for ($i=0; $i -lt 4; $i++) { $DhcpUnknownData = $DhcpUnknownData + $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition + $i] }
       $intPosition = $intPosition + 4 #shift 4 bytes
       
       #Read value
       if (($DhcpOptionLength % 4) -eq 0) {$DhcpOptionBytesToRead = ($DhcpOptionLength - ($DhcpOptionLength % 4))} else {$DhcpOptionBytesToRead = ($DhcpOptionLength - ($DhcpOptionLength % 4)+4)}
       $DhcpOptionValue = New-Object Byte[] $DhcpOptionBytesToRead
       for ($i=0; $i -lt $DhcpOptionLength; $i++) { $DhcpOptionValue[$i] = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition + $i] }
       $intPosition = $intPosition + $DhcpOptionBytesToRead #shift the number of bytes read
       
       
       #Add option to (vendor specific) array
       if ($DhcpIsVendorSpecific -eq 0)
       {
          $DhcpOptions[$DhcpOptionCode] = $DhcpOptionValue
       } else {
          $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions[$DhcpOptionCode] = $DhcpOptionValue
       }
   }
   
   #Show Dhcp Options
   for ( $i = 0 ; $i -lt 256; $i++ ) 
   { 
       #Is this option 43 (vendor specific)?
       if ($i -ne 43)
       {
               $DhcpOptionIndex = $i
               $DhcpOptionValue = $DhcpOptions[$DhcpOptionIndex]
       
               if ($DhcpOptionValue) { 
                   $dhcpOptionName = ($dhcpOptionDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Name; if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionName)) {$dhcpOptionName = (" ({0})" -f $dhcpOptionName)}
                   $dhcpOptionType = ($dhcpOptionDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Type; if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionType)) {$dhcpOptionType = "unknown"}
                   
                   Write-Host -NoNewline ("  - {0}{1}: " -f $DhcpOptionIndex, ($dhcpOptionName))
                   switch ($dhcpOptionType.ToLower())
                   {
                       "ip" {Write-Host ("{0}.{1}.{2}.{3}" -f ($DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpOptionValue[1], $DhcpOptionValue[2], $DhcpOptionValue[3]))}
                       "string" {Write-Host (Convert-ByteArrayToString $DhcpOptionValue)}
                       "time" { Write-host ("{0} seconds" -f [Convert]::ToInt32(($DhcpOptionValue[0].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[1].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[2].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[3].ToString("X2")), 16) ) }
                       "dhcpmsgtype" { Write-Host ("{0} ({1})" -f $DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpMessageType53Values[$DhcpOptionValue[0]])}
                       default { Write-Host ($DhcpOptionValue | ForEach {$_.ToString("X2")}) }
                   }
           }
       } else {
           Write-Host ("  - {0} (vendor specific)" -f $i)
           for ( $j = 0 ; $j -lt 256; $j++ ) 
           {
               $DhcpOptionIndex = $j
               $DhcpOptionValue = $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions[$DhcpOptionIndex]
                           
               if ($DhcpOptionValue) { 
                   $dhcpOptionName = ($dhcpOptionVSDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Name; if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionName)) {$dhcpOptionName = (" ({0})" -f $dhcpOptionName)}
                   $dhcpOptionType = ($dhcpOptionVSDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Type; if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionType)) {$dhcpOptionType = "unknown"}
                   
                   Write-Host -NoNewline ("     - {0}{1}: " -f $DhcpOptionIndex, ($dhcpOptionName))
                   switch ($dhcpOptionType.ToLower())
                   {
                       "ip" {Write-Host ("{0}.{1}.{2}.{3}" -f ($DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpOptionValue[1], $DhcpOptionValue[2], $DhcpOptionValue[3]))}
                       "string" {Write-Host (Convert-ByteArrayToString $DhcpOptionValue)}
                       "time" { Write-host ("{0} seconds" -f [Convert]::ToInt32(($DhcpOptionValue[0].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[1].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[2].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[3].ToString("X2")), 16) ) }
                       "dhcpmsgtype" { Write-Host ("{0} ({1})" -f $DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpMessageType53Values[$DhcpOptionValue[0]])}
                       default { Write-Host ($DhcpOptionValue | ForEach {$_.ToString("X2")}) }
                   }
               }
           }
       }
   }
   
   Write-Host ""
   Write-Host ""
   exit
}

引用自：https://serverfault.com/questions/795607