Debian
Postfix可以接收但不能向外發送
我最近從本手冊安裝了 ispconfig 3：https ://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial…-9-stretch-apache-bind-dovecot-ispconfig-3-1/ 但現在問題是；我可以接收來自外部客戶的郵件，但我無法向外部客戶發送郵件。我使用了 gmail 和我的舊 hotmail 帳戶，但它們都沒有收到。我還檢查了我的伺服器是否被垃圾郵件過濾器阻止，但事實並非如此。我的郵件日誌：
Aug 13 11:08:03 server1 dovecot: imap(admin@dkict.com): Logged out in=44 out=592 Aug 13 11:08:18 server1 postfix/qmgr[6091]: 5E5DE4625BF: from=<>, size=5323, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 13 11:08:18 server1 postfix/qmgr[6091]: 034B9460D91: from=<>, size=4949, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 13 11:08:18 server1 postfix/qmgr[6091]: CE59B4625CE: from=<test@dkict.com>, size=909, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 13 11:08:25 server1 postfix/smtpd[9261]: connect from localhost[::1] Aug 13 11:08:25 server1 postfix/smtpd[9261]: warning: table "mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf": empty query string -- ignored Aug 13 11:08:25 server1 postfix/smtpd[9261]: NOQUEUE: filter: RCPT from localhost[::1]: <admin@dkict.com>: Sender address triggers FILTER amavis:[12$ Aug 13 11:08:25 server1 postfix/smtpd[9261]: 7D8B246021F: client=localhost[::1] Aug 13 11:08:25 server1 postfix/cleanup[9262]: 7D8B246021F: message-id=<8d024ea696db4366e8d63e9f629bc680@dkict.com> Aug 13 11:08:25 server1 postfix/qmgr[6091]: 7D8B246021F: from=<admin@dkict.com>, size=575, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 13 11:08:25 server1 dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<admin@dkict.com>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=9265, secured, session=<4BKH455WpuI$ Aug 13 11:08:26 server1 postfix/smtpd[9261]: disconnect from localhost[::1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5 Aug 13 11:08:26 server1 dovecot: imap(admin@dkict.com): Logged out in=472 out=640 Aug 13 11:08:26 server1 dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<admin@dkict.com>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=9269, secured, session=<H1Kb455WqOI$ Aug 13 11:08:27 server1 dovecot: imap(admin@dkict.com): Logged out in=70 out=633 Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 postfix/smtpd[9270]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 postfix/smtpd[9270]: 8C5C54625DB: client=localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 postfix/cleanup[9262]: 8C5C54625DB: message-id=<8d024ea696db4366e8d63e9f629bc680@dkict.com> Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 postfix/qmgr[6091]: 8C5C54625DB: from=<admin@dkict.com>, size=1042, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 amavis[3182]: (03182-07) Passed CLEAN {RelayedOutbound}, ORIGINATING LOCAL [::1]:33772 <admin@dkict.com> -> <tiger-dennis@ho$ Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 postfix/smtp[9263]: 7D8B246021F: to=<tiger-dennis@hotmail.com>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10026, delay=5.3, delays=0.25/0.0$ Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 postfix/qmgr[6091]: 7D8B246021F: removed Aug 13 11:08:30 server1 postfix/smtpd[9270]: disconnect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5 Aug 13 11:08:32 server1 dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<admin@dkict.com>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=9280, secured, session=<ayPp455WruI$ Aug 13 11:08:32 server1 dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<admin@dkict.com>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=9281, secured, session=<lzHp455WsOI$ Aug 13 11:08:32 server1 dovecot: imap(admin@dkict.com): Logged out in=120 out=766 Aug 13 11:08:32 server1 dovecot: imap(admin@dkict.com): Logged out in=318 out=1951 Aug 13 11:09:03 server1 postfix/smtp[9260]: connect to mx3.hotmail.com[65.55.92.168]:25: Connection timed out Aug 13 11:09:08 server1 postfix/smtp[9259]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.69.26]:25: Connection timed out Aug 13 11:09:08 server1 postfix/smtp[9259]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2a00:1450:4013:c04::1b]:25: Network is unreachable Aug 13 11:09:08 server1 postfix/smtp[9259]: connect to alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2404:6800:4003:c03::1b]:25: Network is unreachable Aug 13 11:09:08 server1 postfix/smtp[9258]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.69.26]:25: Connection timed out我的 main.cf：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on # fresh installs. compatibility_level = 2 # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination myhostname = server1.dkict.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = relayhost = mynetworks = localhost mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_uids.cf virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_gids.cf sender_bcc_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_outgoing_bcc.cf smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_restriction_classes = greylisting greylisting = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_recipient.cf, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_policy_greylist.cf smtpd_tls_security_level = may transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/transport-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf relay_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relaydomains.cf relay_recipient_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relayrecipientmaps.cf smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender_login_maps.cf proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $sender_bcc_maps $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $smtpd_sender_login_maps smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/helo_access, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_helo_hostname, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/blacklist_helo smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_originating.re , permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, check_sender_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender.cf, check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_foreign.re smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100 maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1 maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1 virtual_transport = dovecot header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks nested_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks owner_request_special = no smtp_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3 smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3 smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 receive_override_options = no_address_mappings message_size_limit = 0共同感謝！
作為我的 ISP 的使用者，我不允許將埠 25 設置為傳出連接。我必須選擇另一個埠。 https://community.ziggo.nl/thuisnetwerk-101/poort-25-mailserver-geblokkeerd-voor-ziggo-13680（頁面是荷蘭語）通過添加中繼主機解決了整個問題！