Debian

Linux 路由器:ping 不迴路由

  • February 14, 2017

我有一個嘗試設置為路由器的 Debian 盒子和一個用作客戶端的 Ubuntu 盒子。

我的問題是,當 Ubuntu 客戶端嘗試 ping 網際網路上的伺服器時,所有數據包都失去了(儘管如下所示,它們似乎可以毫無問題地到達伺服器並返回)。

我在 Ubuntu Box 中這樣做:

# ping -I eth1 my.remote-server.com
PING my.remote-server.com (X.X.X.X) from 10.1.1.12 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- my.remote-server.com ping statistics ---
13 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 12094ms

(出於隱私考慮,我更改了遠端伺服器的名稱和 IP)。

從 Debian 路由器我看到:

# tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 7, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 8, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 8, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 9, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 9, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 10, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 10, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 11, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 11, length 64
^C
9 packets captured
9 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

# tcpdump -i eth2 -qtln icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth2, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 213, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 213, length 64
IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 214, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 214, length 64
IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 215, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 215, length 64
IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 216, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 216, length 64
IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 217, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 217, length 64
^C
10 packets captured
10 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

在遠端伺服器上,我看到了這個:

# tcpdump -i eth0 -qtln icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 1, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 1, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 2, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 2, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 3, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 3, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 4, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 4, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 5, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 5, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 6, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 6, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 7, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 7, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 8, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 8, length 64
IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 9, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 9, length 64

18 packets captured
228 packets received by filter
92 packets dropped by kernel

這裡“XXXX”是我的遠端伺服器的 IP,“YYYY”是我本地網路的公共 IP。所以,我的理解是 ping 數據包從 Ubuntu 盒子 (10.1.1.12) 到路由器 (10.1.1.1),從那裡到下一個路由器 (192.168.1.1) 並到達遠端伺服器 (XXXX) )。然後他們一路回到 Debian 路由器,但他們再也沒有回到 Ubuntu 盒子。

我錯過了什麼?

這是 Debian 路由器設置:

# ifconfig
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98  
         inet addr:10.1.1.1  Bcast:10.1.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
         inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link
         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:105761 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:48944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:40298768 (38.4 MiB)  TX bytes:44831595 (42.7 MiB)
         Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38  
         inet addr:192.168.1.10  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
         inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link
         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:38335992 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:37097705 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:4260680226 (3.9 GiB)  TX bytes:3759806551 (3.5 GiB)
         Interrupt:27 

eth3      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72  
         UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
         Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
         inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
         inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
         UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
         RX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
         RX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB)  TX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB)

tun0      Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  
         inet addr:10.8.0.1  P-t-P:10.8.0.2  Mask:255.255.255.255
         UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:2767779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:1569477 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 
         RX bytes:3609469393 (3.3 GiB)  TX bytes:96113978 (91.6 MiB)


# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
10.8.0.2        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 tun0
127.0.0.1       0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 lo
10.8.0.0        10.8.0.2        255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 tun0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth2
10.1.1.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth2

# arp -n 
# Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Ubuntu box (on 10.1.1.12 and 192.168.1.12)
Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface
192.168.1.118            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.72             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.94             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.102            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
10.1.1.12                ether   00:1e:67:15:2b:f0   C                     eth1
192.168.1.86             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.2              ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.61             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.64             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.116            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.91             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.52             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.93             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.87             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.92             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.100            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.40             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.53             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.1              ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.83             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.89             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.12             ether   00:1e:67:15:2b:f1   C                     eth2
192.168.1.77             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.66             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.90             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.65             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.41             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.78             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2
192.168.1.123            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth2


# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination   

# iptables -L -n -t nat
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
MASQUERADE  all  --  10.1.1.0/24         !10.1.1.0/24         
MASQUERADE  all  -- !10.1.1.0/24          10.1.1.0/24         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination 

這是 Ubuntu 盒子:

# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f1  
         inet addr:192.168.1.12  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
         inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf1/64 Scope:Link
         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:28785139 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:19050735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:32068182803 (32.0 GB)  TX bytes:6061333280 (6.0 GB)
         Interrupt:16 Memory:b1a00000-b1a20000 

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f0  
         inet addr:10.1.1.12  Bcast:10.1.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
         inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf0/64 Scope:Link
         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:285086 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:12719 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:30817249 (30.8 MB)  TX bytes:2153228 (2.1 MB)
         Interrupt:16 Memory:b1900000-b1920000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
         inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
         inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
         UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
         RX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
         RX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB)  TX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB)

# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         10.1.1.1        0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth1
10.1.1.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1
10.8.0.0        192.168.1.10    255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 eth0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0

# arp -n
# Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Debian box (on 10.1.1.1 and 192.168.1.10)
Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface
192.168.1.70             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.90             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.97             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.103            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.13             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.120                    (incomplete)                              eth0
192.168.1.111            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.118            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.51             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.102                    (incomplete)                              eth0
192.168.1.64             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.52             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.74                     (incomplete)                              eth0
192.168.1.94             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.121            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.72             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.87             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.91             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.71             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.78             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.83             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.88                     (incomplete)                              eth0
192.168.1.82             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.98             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.100            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.93             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.73             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.11             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.85                     (incomplete)                              eth0
192.168.1.112            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.89             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.65             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.81             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
10.1.1.1                 ether   94:0c:6d:82:0d:98   C                     eth1
192.168.1.53             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.116            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.61             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.10             ether   6c:f0:49:a4:47:38   C                     eth0
192.168.1.86                     (incomplete)                              eth0
192.168.1.119            ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.66             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.1              ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0
192.168.1.1              ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth1
192.168.1.92             ether   NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN   C                     eth0

# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination  

# iptables -L -n -t nat
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination 

**編輯:**按照帕特里克的建議,我在 Ubuntu 盒子上做了一個 tcpdump,我看到了:

# tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 1, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 1, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 2, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 2, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 3, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 3, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 4, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 4, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 5, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 5, length 64
IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 6, length 64
IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 6, length 64
^C
12 packets captured
12 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

所以問題是:如果所有數據包似乎都來來去去,為什麼 ping 會報告 100% 的封包遺失?

從您在評論中的問題:

在遠端伺服器上,我看到請求和回复。但是在 Debian 路由器上,我什麼都看不到……在任何介面上都沒有!我的猜測是,現在,Ubuntu 機器直接與 192.168.1.1 上的路由器通信,但發送 IP 為 10.1.1.12 的請求,因此無法返回。但為什麼??

從 Ubuntu 伺服器:

# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0 <---
0.0.0.0         10.1.1.1        0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth1

在您擷取此路由表時,通過eth0指向位於 192.168.1.1 的路由器(即不是 debian 機器),您的預設度量值較低。始終首先遵循較低的度量預設值,這意味著 Ubuntu 希望將所有未連接的流量直接發送到 192.168.1.1。

當您有可用的停機時間時,請使用以下命令刪除該預設值

route del default gw 192.168.1.1 dev eth0

我仍在醞釀更大的問題(原始嗅探器跟踪顯示 Ubuntu:eth1 上的 ping 回复,但作業系統不接受 ping)。您能否從 Ubuntu:eth1 ping 並同時在 Debian:eth2 上擷取以展示在您強制 Ubuntu 再次通過 Debian 發送所有流量後 NAT 發生了什麼?

引用自:https://serverfault.com/questions/391954