我應該如何為 yum 中的包提供替代品？

我正在編寫一個規範文件，用我們自己的儲存庫中的一個替換 yum 包。新包裝將成為原始包裝的直接替代品。

我認為最好的方法是給 spec 文件一個相同的文件Conflicts，Provides就像使用典型的 Arch Linux 軟體包一樣：

Name:       vncsnapshot-png

Provides:   vncsnapshot
Conflicts:  vncsnapshot

這似乎可行，並且可以毫無問題地安裝/降級/升級該軟體包。但是，重新安裝失敗：

Loaded plugins: security
Setting up Reinstall Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vncsnapshot-png.x86_64 0:1.3-1.el6 will be reinstalled
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================================
Package                                    Arch                              Version                                 Repository                          Size
===============================================================================================================================================================
Reinstalling:
vncsnapshot-png                            x86_64                            1.3-1.el6                               sv.repo                             35 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================
Reinstall     1 Package(s)

Total download size: 35 k
Installed size: 72 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
vncsnapshot-png-1.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                    |  35 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
ERROR with rpm_check_debug vs depsolve:
vncsnapshot conflicts with vncsnapshot-png-1.3-1.el6.x86_64
vncsnapshot conflicts with vncsnapshot-png-1.3-1.el6.x86_64
** Found 1 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
vncsnapshot-png-1.3-1.el6.x86_64 has installed conflicts vncsnapshot: vncsnapshot-png-1.3-1.el6.x86_64
Your transaction was saved, rerun it with:
yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx-2016-02-18-12-18dAjmpb.yumtx

有沒有辦法在提供原始包（即直接替換）的同時將包標記為與原始包衝突（即不能同時安裝），而不會遇到這個問題？

在 RPM 語言中，衝突也適用於虛擬提供，因此您的包與自身發生衝突。要解決此問題，您需要使用版本宏限定您的Provides和。Conflicts

Provides:   vncsnapshot = %{version}
Conflicts:  vncsnapshot < %{version}

我經常為IUS 項目做這件事。通過查看我們的一些規範文件，您可以看到更多範例。

• https://github.com/iuscommunity-pkg/git2u/blob/2.7.1-1.ius/SPECS/git2u.spec#L108-L110
• https://github.com/iuscommunity-pkg/php56u-pecl-imagick/blob/3.3.0-2.ius/SPECS/php56u-pecl-imagick.spec#L44-L45
• https://github.com/iuscommunity-pkg/redis30u/blob/3.0.7-1.ius/SPECS/redis30u.spec#L86-L89

引用自：https://serverfault.com/questions/758091