Apache-2.2
在啟用 SELinux 的 CentOS7 上使用 Apache2 將 Nginx 配置為反向代理
我正在為學術目的開發一個項目，目標是使用 Nginx 作為 Apache 的反向代理，到目前為止，我已經安裝了 Nginx，一切正常，它正在監聽埠 80，但是當我要安裝 apache它說它已經安裝了最新的更新，但是當我嘗試在 CentOS 7 機器上設置 Apache 伺服器時，當我訪問我的機器 IP 地址時，我沒有看到 Apache 測試頁面。
我試圖啟動服務，**
service httpd start**但這是輸出：httpd.service 的作業失敗。有關詳細資訊，請參閱“systemctl status httpd.service”和“journalctl -xn”。
然後執行它**
systemctl status httpd.service**，這是輸出：httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2015-02-02 16:01:26 CST; 52s ago Process: 21061 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 21057 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Main PID: 21057 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain httpd[21057]: AH00558: httpd: Could not... Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain httpd[21057]: (13)Permission denied: AH... Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain httpd[21057]: (13)Permission denied: AH... Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain httpd[21057]: no listening sockets avai... Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain httpd[21057]: AH00015: Unable to open logs Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: httpd.service: main process... Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache ... Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service entered ... Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.然後執行它**
journalctl -xn**，這是輸出：-- Logs begin at Mon 2015-02-02 12:10:31 CST, end at Mon 2015-02-02 16:10:01 CST Feb 02 16:01:58 localhost.localdomain setroubleshoot[21059]: received signal=14 Feb 02 16:01:58 localhost.localdomain setroubleshoot[21059]: KeyboardInterrupt i Feb 02 16:01:58 localhost.localdomain setroubleshoot[21059]: writing database (/ Feb 02 16:01:58 localhost.localdomain dbus-daemon[935]: 'list' object has no att Feb 02 16:02:28 localhost.localdomain gnome-session[8273]: [8917:8954:0202/16022 Feb 02 16:02:29 localhost.localdomain gnome-session[8273]: Fontconfig error: Can Feb 02 16:10:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Created slice user-0.slice. -- Subject: Unit user-0.slice has finished start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit user-0.slice has finished starting up. -- -- The start-up result is done. Feb 02 16:10:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Session 48 of user ro -- Subject: Unit session-48.scope has begun with start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit session-48.scope has begun starting up. Feb 02 16:10:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Session 48 of user roo -- Subject: Unit session-48.scope has finished start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit session-48.scope has finished starting up. -- -- The start-up result is done. Feb 02 16:10:01 localhost.localdomain CROND[21247]: (root) CMD (/usr/lib64/sa/sa配置
Nginx
# For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/ user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; #error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; pid /run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; index index.html index.htm; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; root /var/www/; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name example.com; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:80; } } }阿帕奇2
# # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information. # In particular, see # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html> # for a discussion of each configuration directive. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log' # with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the # server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be # interpreted as '/log/access_log'. # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point # ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the # Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the # same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at # least PidFile. # ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" # # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 8000 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support # # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. # # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # Include conf.modules.d/*.conf # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # User apache Group apache # 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com # ServerAdmin root@localhost # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # #ServerName www.example.com:80 # # Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must # explicitly permit access to web content directories in other # <Directory> blocks below. # <Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all denied </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" # # Relax access to content within /var/www. # <Directory "/var/www"> AllowOverride None # Allow open access: Require all granted </Directory> # Further relax access to the default document root: <Directory "/var/www/html"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Require all granted </Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ".ht*"> Require all denied </Files> # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog "logs/error_log" # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and *not* in this file. # #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common # # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. # CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> # # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location. # Example: # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar # # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. # Example: # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path # # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to # the filesystem path. # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias # directives as to Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> # # "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule mime_module> # # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type. # TypesConfig /etc/mime.types # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi # For type maps (negotiated resources): #AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> # # Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables # interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the # default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags # in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this # directive: # AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 <IfModule mime_magic_module> # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # MIMEMagicFile conf/magic </IfModule> # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver # files. This usually improves server performance, but must # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise # broken on your system. # Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off # #EnableMMAP off EnableSendfile on # Supplemental configuration # # Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any. IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
儘管缺少配置片段，但似乎存在埠衝突。預設情況下，Apache2 和 Nginx 正在偵聽埠 80。檢查日誌。如果有衝突，請將 Apache2 或 Nginx 的 Listen 埠更改為可用的埠。
提供的日誌指示以下內容：
Feb 02 16:01:26 localhost.localdomain httpd[21057]: no listening sockets avai...這可能意味著確實存在埠衝突。
為了解決此問題，
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf應將駐留的預設偵聽埠更改為可用埠，並重新啟動 httpd 服務。更改
Listen 80為Listen <available_port>。關於評論中提供的日誌片段：
SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/httpd from name_bind access on the tcp_socket .根據此文件，可以通過執行
semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp <apache2 port>並重新啟動 apache2 來解決此問題。請注意驗證是否已允許使用semanage port -l.