Apache-2.2
VPS 伺服器的最佳 Apache2 + MySQL 配置
我已經購買了一個 1v 核心和 1GB 記憶體的 VPS 伺服器，但昨天我嘗試使用 Apache2 + MySQL 託管一個網站……一切都出錯了！
我有大約 400 個獨特的訪問，並且伺服器正在當機，完全 CPU 使用率和 RAM 使用率我什至無法打開
top命令查看出了什麼問題，所以我將網站移至正常的共享主機，一切都很好……但我想在我的 VPS 伺服器上託管我的 PHP 應用程序，因為我可以完全控制它，不像共享託管……我的 apache2、mysql、php 等 conf 是預設設置的，所以可能有問題，因為 400 個訪問者並不是什麼大不了的事情，我預計會有大約 6000 個甚至更多……
謝謝！
我的.cnf
# # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 176.31.189.3 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 # # Error logging goes to syslog due to /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf. # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem innodb_use_native_aio = 0 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/apache2.conf
# This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2-common/README.Debian.gz about # Debian specific hints. # # # Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian: # The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to # upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's # default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules, # virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in # order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as # possible. # It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined # below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory: # # /etc/apache2/ # |-- apache2.conf # | `-- ports.conf # |-- mods-enabled # | |-- *.load # | `-- *.conf # |-- conf.d # | `-- * # `-- sites-enabled # `-- * # # # * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces # together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the # web server. # # In order to avoid conflicts with backup files, the Include directive is # adapted to ignore files that: # - do not begin with a letter or number # - contain a character that is neither letter nor number nor _-:. # - contain .dpkg # # Yet we strongly suggest that all configuration files either end with a # .conf or .load suffix in the file name. The next Debian release will # ignore files not ending with .conf (or .load for mods-enabled). # # * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is # supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections, and which # of these ports are used for name based virtual hosts. # # * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/ and sites-enabled/ directories # contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules or virtual # host configurations, respectively. # # They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their # respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our # helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite. See # their respective man pages for detailed information. # # * Configuration files in the conf.d directory are either provided by other # packages or may be added by the local administrator. Local additions # should start with local- or end with .local.conf to avoid name clashes. All # files in conf.d are considered (excluding the exceptions noted above) by # the Apache 2 web server. # # * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in # the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with # /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not # work with the default configuration. # Global configuration # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # #ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # LockFile ${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/accept.lock # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 5 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 1 MinSpareServers 1 MaxSpareServers 3 MaxClients 10 MaxRequestsPerChild 3000 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadLimit: ThreadsPerChild can be changed to this maximum value during a # graceful restart. ThreadLimit can only be changed by stopping # and starting Apache. # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 1 MinSpareThreads 5 MaxSpareThreads 15 ThreadLimit 25 ThreadsPerChild 5 MaxClients 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 200 </IfModule> # event MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 1 MinSpareThreads 5 MaxSpareThreads 15 ThreadLimit 25 ThreadsPerChild 5 MaxClients 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 200 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # # It is also possible to omit any default MIME type and let the # client's browser guess an appropriate action instead. Typically the # browser will decide based on the file's extension then. In cases # where no good assumption can be made, letting the default MIME type # unset is suggested instead of forcing the browser to accept # incorrect metadata. # DefaultType None # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel error # Include module configuration: Include mods-enabled/*.load Include mods-enabled/*.conf # Include list of ports to listen on and which to use for name based vhosts Include ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see the comments above for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include sites-enabled/
我有幾個建議：
- 您是否將 nginx 視為所有靜態文件的前端，以及像 php-fpm 之類的東西來處理 PHP 請求？nginx 比 Apache 高效得多，現在大多數流行的 PHP 應用程序都支持它。PHP-FPM 也比 Apache 上的 mod_php 更易於調整，恕我直言。當然，這是更多的工作，但好處是您可以單獨查看所有組件（nginx、php-fpm 和 php 執行緒本身），一旦按照您想要的方式設置日誌記錄等，事情就更容易調試，等等.
- 考慮將Cloudflare放在您的應用程序之上。這可能需要一些調整，但總的來說，Cloudflare 在漂亮的 DNS 管理控制面板之上提供記憶體/解除安裝和安全性；我見過的最好的之一。免費計劃應該適合您的需求，但如果您需要更高級的功能，您可以隨時註冊付費計劃。
- 就託管而言，中間地帶怎麼樣？如果您只是想要一定程度的控制，並且您正在託管 LAMP 應用程序（即，並不真正需要 root 訪問權限），請查看webfaction。我已經使用它們好幾年了，非常滿意。儘管是共享主機，但它們允許您非常廣泛地調整配置。如果需要，您甚至可以動態分配自己的 MySQL 實例。從字面上看，這就像擁有一個不需要管理的 VPS。:) 如果您確實選擇和他們一起去，如果您將我用作參考，我將不勝感激：http ://www.webfaction.com ?affiliate=rouben 請注意：webfaction -閱讀他們的文件以了解他們的服務結構如何在你把它們註銷之前。這就像設置我在上面第 (1) 點中概述的配置一樣，如果您來自 cPanel（或類似）世界，他們的控制面闆對您來說毫無意義，但如果您曾經設置過類似於上面的選項（1），它實際上會更有意義。