Active-Directory

Windows DHCP 伺服器 - 當未加入 AD 的設備獲得 IP 地址時收到通知

  • February 6, 2015

設想

將其簡化為最簡單的範例：

我有一個具有 DHCP 伺服器角色的 Windows 2008 R2 標準 DC。它通過各種 IPv4 範圍分發 IP，沒有問題。

我想要什麼

每當設備獲得 DHCP 地址租約並且該設備不是Active Directory 中加入域的電腦時，我想要一種創建通知/事件日誌條目/類似的方法。是否是自定義 Powershell 等對我來說並不重要。

底線 =我想要一種方法來知道非域設備何時在網路上而不使用 802.1X。 我知道這不會考慮靜態 IP 設備。我確實有可以掃描網路並查找設備的監控軟體，但它的細節並不是那麼精細。

研究完成/考慮的選項

我看不到內置日誌記錄的任何此類可能性。

是的，我知道 802.1X 並且有能力在這個位置長期實施它，但我們離這樣的項目還有一段時間，雖然這可以解決網路身份驗證問題，但這對我在外面仍然有幫助802.1X 目標。

我四處尋找一些可能被證明有用的腳本位等，但我發現的東西讓我相信我的 google-fu 目前讓我失望了。

我相信下面的邏輯是合理的（假設沒有一些現有的解決方案）：

  1. 設備收到 DHCP 地址
  2. 記錄事件日誌條目（DHCP 審核日誌中的事件 ID 10 應該可以工作（因為我最感興趣的是新租約，而不是續訂）：http ://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library /dd759178.aspx )
  3. 在這一點上，某種腳本可能必須接管下面剩餘的“步驟”。
  4. 以某種方式查詢這些事件 ID 10 的 DHCP 日誌（我很想推，但我猜拉是這裡唯一的辦法）
  5. 解析查詢以獲取分配新租約的設備名稱
  6. 在 AD 中查詢設備名稱
  7. 如果在 AD 中找不到，請發送通知電子郵件

如果有人對如何正確執行此操作有任何想法，我將不勝感激。我不是在尋找“給我程式碼”，而是想知道是否有上述列表的替代品，或者我是否想清楚並且存在另一種收集此資訊的方法。如果您有想要共享的程式碼片段/PS 命令來幫助完成此任務，那就更好了。

非常感謝 ErikE 和這裡的其他人，我已經走上了一條道路……我不會說這是正確的道路，但我想出的 Powershell 腳本可以解決問題。

如果有人想要，程式碼如下。只需手動執行它指向每個 DHCP 伺服器或安排它（再次指向腳本中的每個 DHCP 伺服器）。

腳本的作用：

  1. 從 DHCP 伺服器獲取租約資訊（ipv4 租約）
  2. 將租約輸出到 csv 文件
  3. 讀回該 CSV 文件以查詢 AD
  4. 查詢電腦的 AD
  5. 如果未找到輸出到新的 txt 文件
  6. 從上面 #5 中創建的文件創建一個唯一的列表最終 txt 文件（因為如果客戶端註冊不止一次或使用多個適配器，則可能存在欺騙）
  7. 將最終輸出文件的內容通過電子郵件發送給管理員

你需要什麼：

該腳本使用 AD 模組 ( import-module activedirectory)，因此最好在執行 DHCP 的 AD DC 上執行。如果您不是這種情況，您可以安裝 AD powershell 模組：http: //blogs.msdn.com/b/rkramesh/archive/2012/01/17/how-to-add-active-directory-模組在-powershell-in-windows-7.aspx

您還需要在此處找到 Quest 的 AD Powershell cmdlet： http ://www.quest.com/powershell/activeroles-server.aspx 。 在執行腳本之前安裝這些，否則它將失敗。

腳本本身（經過清理，您需要設置一些變數以滿足您的需要，例如輸入文件名、要連接的域、要連接的 dhcp 伺服器、接近尾聲的電子郵件設置等）：

# Get-nonADclientsOnDHCP.ps1

# Author : TheCleaner http://serverfault.com/users/7861/thecleaner with a big thanks for a lot of the lease grab code to Assaf Miron on code.google.com

# Description : This Script grabs the current leases on a Windows DHCP server, outputs it to a csv
# then takes that csv file as input and determines if the lease is from a non-AD joined computer.  It then emails
# an administrator notification.  Set it up on a schedule of your choosing in Task Scheduler.
# This helps non-802.1X shops keep track of rogue DHCP clients that aren't part of the domain.

#

# Input : leaselog.csv

# Output: Lease log = leaselog.csv
# Output: Rogue Clients with dupes = RogueClients.txt
# Output: Rogue Clients - unique = RogueClientsFinal.txt

$DHCP_SERVER = "PUT YOUR SERVER NAME OR IP HERE" # The DHCP Server Name

$LOG_FOLDER = "C:\DHCP" # A Folder to save all the Logs

# Create Log File Paths

$LeaseLog = $LOG_FOLDER+"\LeaseLog.csv"

#region Create Scope Object

# Create a New Object

$Scope = New-Object psobject

# Add new members to the Object

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Address" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "State" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "LeaseDuration" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$Scope.Address = @()

$Scope.Mask = @()

$Scope.State = @()

$Scope.Name = @()

$Scope.LeaseDuration = @()

#endregion


#region Create Lease Object

# Create a New Object

$LeaseClients = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Expires" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Type" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$LeaseClients.IP = @()

$LeaseClients.Name = @()

$LeaseClients.MAC = @()

$LeaseClients.Mask = @()

$LeaseClients.Expires = @()

$LeaseClients.Type = @()

#endregion


#region Create Reserved Object

# Create a New Object

$LeaseReserved = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$LeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$LeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$LeaseReserved.IP = @()

$LeaseReserved.MAC = @()

#endregion


#region Define Commands

#Commad to Connect to DHCP Server

$NetCommand = "netsh dhcp server \\$DHCP_SERVER"

#Command to get all Scope details on the Server

$ShowScopes = "$NetCommand show scope"

#endregion


function Get-LeaseType( $LeaseType )

{

# Input : The Lease type in one Char

# Output : The Lease type description

# Description : This function translates a Lease type Char to it's relevant Description


Switch($LeaseType){

"N" { return "None" }

"D" { return "DHCP" }

"B" { return "BOOTP" }

"U" { return "UNSPECIFIED" }

"R" { return "RESERVATION IP" }

}

}


function Check-Empty( $Object ){

# Input : An Object with values.

# Output : A Trimmed String of the Object or '-' if it's Null.

# Description : Check the object if its null or not and return it's value.

If($Object -eq $null)

{

return "-"

}

else

{

return $Object.ToString().Trim()

}

}


function out-CSV ( $LogFile, $Append = $false) {

# Input : An Object with values, Boolean value if to append the file or not, a File path to a Log File

# Output : Export of the object values to a CSV File

# Description : This Function Exports all the Values and Headers of an object to a CSV File.

#  The Object is recieved with the Input Const (Used with Pipelineing) or the $inputObject

Foreach ($item in $input){

# Get all the Object Properties

$Properties = $item.PsObject.get_properties()

# Create Empty Strings - Start Fresh

$Headers = ""

$Values = ""

# Go over each Property and get it's Name and value

$Properties | %{ 

$Headers += $_.Name + ","

$Values += $_.Value

}

# Output the Object Values and Headers to the Log file

If($Append -and (Test-Path $LogFile)) {

$Values | Out-File -Append -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

}

else {

# Used to mark it as an Powershell Custum object - you can Import it later and use it

# "#TYPE System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject" | Out-File -FilePath $LogFile

$Headers | Out-File -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

$Values | Out-File -Append -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

}

}

}


#region Get all Scopes in the Server 

# Run the Command in the Show Scopes var

$AllScopes = Invoke-Expression $ShowScopes

# Go over all the Results, start from index 5 and finish in last index -3

for($i=5;$i -lt $AllScopes.Length-3;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = $AllScopes[$i].Split("-")

$Scope.Address += Check-Empty $line[0]

$Scope.Mask += Check-Empty $line[1]

$Scope.State += Check-Empty $line[2]

# Line 3 and 4 represent the Name and Comment of the Scope

# If the name is empty, try taking the comment

If (Check-Empty $line[3] -eq "-") {

$Scope.Name += Check-Empty $line[4]

}

else { $Scope.Name += Check-Empty $line[3] }

}

# Get all the Active Scopes IP Address

$ScopesIP = $Scope | Where { $_.State -eq "Active" } | Select Address

# Go over all the Adresses to collect Scope Client Lease Details

Foreach($ScopeAddress in $ScopesIP.Address){

# Define some Commands to run later - these commands need to be here because we use the ScopeAddress var that changes every loop

#Command to get all Lease Details from a specific Scope - when 1 is amitted the output includes the computer name

$ShowLeases = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show clients 1"

#Command to get all Reserved IP Details from a specific Scope

$ShowReserved = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show reservedip"

#Command to get all the Scopes Options (Including the Scope Lease Duration)

$ShowScopeDuration = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show option"

# Run the Commands and save the output in the accourding var

$AllLeases = Invoke-Expression $ShowLeases 

$AllReserved = Invoke-Expression $ShowReserved 

$AllOptions = Invoke-Expression $ShowScopeDuration

# Get the Lease Duration from Each Scope

for($i=0; $i -lt $AllOptions.count;$i++) 

{ 

# Find a Scope Option ID number 51 - this Option ID Represents  the Scope Lease Duration

if($AllOptions[$i] -match "OptionId : 51")

{ 

# Get the Lease Duration from the Specified line

$tmpLease = $AllOptions[$i+4].Split("=")[1].Trim()

# The Lease Duration is recieved in Ticks / 10000000

$tmpLease = [int]$tmpLease * 10000000; # Need to Convert to Int and Multiply by 10000000 to get Ticks

# Create a TimeSpan Object

$TimeSpan = New-Object -TypeName TimeSpan -ArgumentList $tmpLease

# Calculate the $tmpLease Ticks to Days and put it in the Scope Lease Duration

$Scope.LeaseDuration += $TimeSpan.TotalDays

# After you found one Exit the For

break;

} 

}

# Get all Client Leases from Each Scope

for($i=8;$i -lt $AllLeases.Length-4;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = [regex]::split($AllLeases[$i],"\s{2,}")

# Check if you recieve all the lines that you need

$LeaseClients.IP += Check-Empty $line[0]

$LeaseClients.Mask += Check-Empty $line[1].ToString().replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.MAC += $line[2].ToString().substring($line[2].ToString().indexOf("-")+1,$line[2].toString().Length-1).Trim()

$LeaseClients.Expires += $(Check-Empty $line[3]).replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.Type += Get-LeaseType $(Check-Empty $line[4]).replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.Name += Check-Empty $line[5]

}

# Get all Client Lease Reservations from Each Scope

for($i=7;$i -lt $AllReserved.Length-5;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = [regex]::split($AllReserved[$i],"\s{2,}")

$LeaseReserved.IP += Check-Empty $line[0]

$LeaseReserved.MAC += Check-Empty $line[2]

}

}

#endregion 


#region Create a Temp Scope Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpScope = New-Object psobject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Address" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "State" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "LeaseDuration" ""

#endregion

#region Create a Temp Lease Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpLeaseClients = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Expires" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Type" ""

#endregion

#region Create a Temp Reserved Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpLeaseReserved = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpLeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$tmpLeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

#endregion

# Go over all the Client Lease addresses and export each detail to a temporary var and out to the log file

For($l=0; $l -lt $LeaseClients.IP.Length;$l++)

{

# Get all Scope details to a temp var

$tmpLeaseClients.IP = $LeaseClients.IP[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Name = $LeaseClients.Name[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Mask =  $LeaseClients.Mask[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.MAC = $LeaseClients.MAC[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Expires = $LeaseClients.Expires[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Type = $LeaseClients.Type[$l]

# Export with the Out-CSV Function to the Log File

$tmpLeaseClients | out-csv $LeaseLog -append $true

}



#Continue on figuring out if the DHCP lease clients are in AD or not

#Import the Active Directory module
import-module activedirectory

#import Quest AD module
Add-PSSnapin Quest.ActiveRoles.ADManagement

#connect to AD
Connect-QADService PUTTHEFQDNOFYOURDOMAINHERE_LIKE_DOMAIN.LOCAL | Out-Null

# get input CSV
$leaselogpath = "c:\DHCP\LeaseLog.csv"
Import-csv -path $leaselogpath | 
#query AD for computer name based on csv log
foreach-object `
{ 
  $NameResult = Get-QADComputer -DnsName $_.Name
  If ($NameResult -eq $null) {$RogueSystem = $_.Name}
  $RogueSystem | Out-File C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt -Append
  $RogueSystem = $null

}
Get-Content C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt | Select-Object -Unique | Out-File C:\DHCP\RogueClientsFinal.txt
Remove-Item C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt

#send email to netadmin
$smtpserver = "SMTP SERVER IP"
$from="DHCPSERVER@domain.com"
$to="TheCleaner@domain.com"
$subject="Non-AD joined DHCP clients"
$body= (Get-Content C:\DHCP\RogueClientsFinal.txt) -join '<BR> <BR>'
$mailer = new-object Net.Mail.SMTPclient($smtpserver)
$msg = new-object Net.Mail.MailMessage($from,$to,$subject,$body)
$msg.IsBodyHTML = $true
$mailer.send($msg)

希望對其他人有所幫助！

引用自：https://serverfault.com/questions/550653

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